Updated By SaraNextGen

On March 11, 2024, 11:35 AM

Question 7.1:

A 100 Ω resistor is connected to a 220 V, 50 Hz ac supply.

(a) What is the rms value of current in the circuit?

(b) What is the net power consumed over a full cycle?

Answer:

Resistance of the resistor, R = 100 Ω

Supply voltage, V = 220 V

Frequency, ν = 50 Hz

(a) The rms value of current in the circuit is given as:

(b) The net power consumed over a full cycle is given as:

P = VI

= 220 × 2.2 = 484 W

Question 7.2:

(a) The peak voltage of an ac supply is 300 V. What is the rms voltage?

(b) The rms value of current in an ac circuit is 10 A. What is the peak current?

Answer:

(a) Peak voltage of the ac supply, V₀ = 300 V

Rms voltage is given as:

(b) Therms value of current is given as:

I = 10 A

Now, peak current is given as:

Question 7.3:

A 44 mH inductor is connected to 220 V, 50 Hz ac supply. Determine the rms value of the current in the circuit.

Answer:

Inductance of inductor, L = 44 mH = 44 × 10⁻³ H

Supply voltage, V = 220 V

Frequency, ν = 50 Hz

Angular frequency, ω= 

Inductive reactance, X_L = ω L

Rms value of current is given as:

Hence, the rms value of current in the circuit is 15.92 A.

Question 7.4:

A 60 μF capacitor is connected to a 110 V, 60 Hz ac supply. Determine the rms value of the current in the circuit.

Answer:

Capacitance of capacitor, C = 60 μF = 60 × 10⁻⁶ F

Supply voltage, V = 110 V

Frequency, ν = 60 Hz

Angular frequency, ω= 

Capacitive reactance 

Rms value of current is given as:

Hence, the rms value of current is 2.49 A.

Question 7.5:

In Exercises 7.3 and 7.4, what is the net power absorbed by each circuit over a complete cycle. Explain your Answer.

Answer:

In the inductive circuit,

Rms value of current, I = 15.92 A

Rms value of voltage, V = 220 V

Hence, the net power absorbed can be obtained by the relation,

P = VI cos Φ

Where,

Φ = Phase difference between V and I

For a pure inductive circuit, the phase difference between alternating voltage and current is 90° i.e., Φ= 90°.

Hence, P = 0 i.e., the net power is zero.

In the capacitive circuit,

Rms value of current, I = 2.49 A

Rms value of voltage, V = 110 V

Hence, the net power absorbed can ve obtained as:

P = VI Cos Φ

For a pure capacitive circuit, the phase difference between alternating voltage and current is 90° i.e., Φ= 90°.

Hence, P = 0 i.e., the net power is zero.

Question 7.6:

Obtain the resonant frequency ωr of a series LCR circuit with L = 2.0 H, C = 32 μF and R = 10 Ω. What is the Q-value of this circuit?

Answer:

Inductance, L = 2.0 H

Capacitance, C = 32 μF = 32 × 10⁻⁶ F

Resistance, R = 10 Ω

Resonant frequency is given by the relation,

Now, Q-value of the circuit is given as:

Hence, the Q-Value of this circuit is 25.

Question 7.7:

A charged 30 μF capacitor is connected to a 27 mH inductor. What is the angular frequency of free oscillations of the circuit?

Answer:

Capacitance, C = 30μF = 30×10⁻⁶F

Inductance, L = 27 mH = 27 × 10⁻³ H

Angular frequency is given as:

Hence, the angular frequency of free oscillations of the circuit is 1.11 × 10³ rad/s.

Question 7.8:

Suppose the initial charge on the capacitor in Exercise 7.7 is 6 mC. What is the total energy stored in the circuit initially? What is the total energy at later time?

Answer:

Capacitance of the capacitor, C = 30 μF = 30×10⁻⁶ F

Inductance of the inductor, L = 27 mH = 27 × 10⁻³ H

Charge on the capacitor, Q = 6 mC = 6 × 10⁻³ C

Total energy stored in the capacitor can be calculated by the relation,

Total energy at a later time will remain the same because energy is shared between the capacitor and the inductor.

Question 7.9:

A series LCR circuit with R = 20 Ω, L = 1.5 H and C = 35 μF is connected to a variable-frequency 200 V ac supply. When the frequency of the supply equals the natural frequency of the circuit, what is the average power transferred to the circuit in one complete cycle?

Answer:

At resonance, the frequency of the supply power equals the natural frequency of the given LCR circuit.

Resistance, R = 20 Ω

Inductance, L = 1.5 H

Capacitance, C = 35 μF = 30 × 10⁻⁶ F

AC supply voltage to the LCR circuit, V = 200 V

Impedance of the circuit is given by the relation,

At resonance,

Current in the circuit can be calculated as:

Hence, the average power transferred to the circuit in one complete cycle= VI

= 200 × 10 = 2000 W.

Question 7.10:

A radio can tune over the frequency range of a portion of MW broadcast band: (800 kHz to 1200 kHz). If its LC circuit has an effective inductance of 200 μH, what must be the range of its variable capacitor?

[Hint: For tuning, the natural frequency i.e., the frequency of free oscillations of the LC circuit should be equal to the frequency of the radiowave.]

Answer:

The range of frequency (ν) of a radio is 800 kHz to 1200 kHz.

Lower tuning frequency, ν₁ = 800 kHz = 800 × 10³ Hz

Upper tuning frequency, ν₂ = 1200 kHz = 1200× 10³ Hz

Effective inductance of circuit L = 200 μH = 200 × 10⁻⁶ H

Capacitance of variable capacitor for ν₁ is given as_:

C₁

Where,

ω₁ = Angular frequency for capacitor C₁

Capacitance of variable capacitor for ν_2,

C₂ 

Where,

ω₂ = Angular frequency for capacitor C₂

Hence, the range of the variable capacitor is from 88.04 pF to 198.1 pF.

Question 7.11:

Figure 7.21 shows a series LCR circuit connected to a variable frequency 230 V source. L = 5.0 H, C = 80μF, R = 40 Ω

(a) Determine the source frequency which drives the circuit in resonance.

(b) Obtain the impedance of the circuit and the amplitude of current at the resonating frequency.

(c) Determine the rms potential drops across the three elements of the circuit. Show that the potential drop across the LC combination is zero at the resonating frequency.

Answer:

Inductance of the inductor, L = 5.0 H

Capacitance of the capacitor, C = 80 μF = 80 × 10⁻⁶ F

Resistance of the resistor, R = 40 Ω

Potential of the variable voltage source, V = 230 V

(a) Resonance angular frequency is given as:

Hence, the circuit will come in resonance for a source frequency of 50 rad/s.

(b) Impedance of the circuit is given by the relation,

At resonance,

Amplitude of the current at the resonating frequency is given as: 

Where,

V₀ = Peak voltage

Hence, at resonance, the impedance of the circuit is 40 Ω and the amplitude of the current is 8.13 A.

(c) Rms potential drop across the inductor,

(VL)_rms = I × ωRL

Where,

I = rms current

Potential drop across the capacitor,

Potential drop across the resistor,

(VR)_rms = IR

= × 40 = 230 V

Potential drop across the LC combination,

At resonance,

∴VLC= 0

Hence, it is proved that the potential drop across the LC combination is zero at resonating frequency.