Question 15.1:
What are polymers?
Answer:
Polymers are high molecular mass macromolecules, which consist of repeating structural units derived from monomers. Polymers have a high molecular mass (103 − 107 u). In a polymer, various monomer units are joined by strong covalent bonds. These polymers can be natural as well as synthetic. Polythene, rubber, and nylon 6, 6 are examples of polymers.
Question 15.2:
How are polymers classified on the basis of structure?
Answer:
Polymers are classified on the basis of structure as follows:
1. Linear polymers:
These polymers are formed of long straight chains. They can be depicted as:
For e.g., high density polythene (HDP), polyvinyl chloride, etc.
2. Branched chain polymers:
These polymers are basically linear chain polymers with some branches. These polymers are represented as:
For e.g., low density polythene (LDP), amylopectin, etc.
3. Cross-linked or Network polymers:
These polymers have many cross-linking bonds that give rise to a network-like structure. These polymers contain bi-functional and tri-functional monomers and strong covalent bonds between various linear polymer chains. Examples of such polymers include bakelite and melmac.
Question 15.4:
Classify the following as addition and condensation polymers: Terylene, Bakelite, Polyvinyl chloride, Polythene.
Answer:
Addition polymers:
Polyvinyl chloride, polythene
Condensation polymers:
Terylene, bakelite