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Exercise 11.1 - Chapter 11 Three Dimensional Geometry class 12 ncert solutions Maths - SaraNextGen [2024]


Question 1:

If a line makes angles 90°, 135°, 45° with xy and z-axes respectively, find its direction cosines.

Answer:

Let direction cosines of the line be lm, and n.

https://img-nm.mnimgs.com/img/study_content/curr/1/12/1/240/7155/NS_14-11-08_Gopal_12_Math_Exercise%2011.1_5_MNK_SS_html_m7ed85946.gif

Therefore, the direction cosines of the line arehttps://img-nm.mnimgs.com/img/study_content/curr/1/12/1/240/7155/NS_14-11-08_Gopal_12_Math_Exercise%2011.1_5_MNK_SS_html_1a70f551.gif

Question 2:

Find the direction cosines of a line which makes equal angles with the coordinate axes.

Answer:

Let the direction cosines of the line make an angle α with each of the coordinate axes.

∴ l = cos αm = cos αn = cos α

https://img-nm.mnimgs.com/img/study_content/curr/1/12/1/240/7156/NS_14-11-08_Gopal_12_Math_Exercise%2011.1_5_MNK_SS_html_m30d10461.gif

Thus, the direction cosines of the line, which is equally inclined to the coordinate axes, are https://img-nm.mnimgs.com/img/study_content/curr/1/12/1/240/7156/NS_14-11-08_Gopal_12_Math_Exercise%2011.1_5_MNK_SS_html_21b7131e.gif

Question 3:

If a line has the direction ratios −18, 12, −4, then what are its direction cosines?

Answer:

If a line has direction ratios of −18, 12, and −4, then its direction cosines are

https://img-nm.mnimgs.com/img/study_content/curr/1/12/1/240/7158/NS_14-11-08_Gopal_12_Math_Exercise%2011.1_5_MNK_SS_html_m3cfc20c5.gif

Thus, the direction cosines arehttps://img-nm.mnimgs.com/img/study_content/curr/1/12/1/240/7158/NS_14-11-08_Gopal_12_Math_Exercise%2011.1_5_MNK_SS_html_390a7882.gif.

Question 4:

Show that the points (2, 3, 4), (−1, −2, 1), (5, 8, 7) are collinear.

Answer:

The given points are A (2, 3, 4), B (− 1, − 2, 1), and C (5, 8, 7).

It is known that the direction ratios of line joining the points, (x1y1z1) and (x2y2z2), are given by, x2 − x1y2 − y1, and z2 − z1.

The direction ratios of AB are (−1 − 2), (−2 − 3), and (1 − 4) i.e., −3, −5, and −3.

The direction ratios of BC are (5 − (− 1)), (8 − (− 2)), and (7 − 1) i.e., 6, 10, and 6.

It can be seen that the direction ratios of BC are −2 times that of AB i.e., they are proportional.

Therefore, AB is parallel to BC. Since point B is common to both AB and BC, points A, B, and C are collinear.

Question 5:

Find the direction cosines of the sides of the triangle whose vertices are (3, 5, − 4), (− 1, 1, 2) and (− 5, − 5, − 2)

Answer:

The vertices of ΔABC are A (3, 5, −4), B (−1, 1, 2), and C (−5, −5, −2).

https://img-nm.mnimgs.com/img/study_content/curr/1/12/1/240/7160/NS_14-11-08_Gopal_12_Math_Exercise%2011.1_5_MNK_SS_html_m2d3077f1.jpg

The direction ratios of side AB are (−1 − 3), (1 − 5), and (2 − (−4)) i.e., −4, −4, and 6.

https://img-nm.mnimgs.com/img/study_content/curr/1/12/1/240/7160/NS_14-11-08_Gopal_12_Math_Exercise%2011.1_5_MNK_SS_html_m77a3104.gif

Therefore, the direction cosines of AB are

https://img-nm.mnimgs.com/img/study_content/curr/1/12/1/240/7160/NS_14-11-08_Gopal_12_Math_Exercise%2011.1_5_MNK_SS_html_m25ef2f7b.gif

The direction ratios of BC are (−5 − (−1)), (−5 − 1), and (−2 − 2) i.e., −4, −6, and −4.

Therefore, the direction cosines of BC are

https://img-nm.mnimgs.com/img/study_content/curr/1/12/1/240/7160/NS_14-11-08_Gopal_12_Math_Exercise%2011.1_5_MNK_SS_html_m12d1acf8.gif

-217, -317, -217The direction ratios of CA are 3−(−5), 5−(−5) and −4−(−2) i.e. 8, 10 and -2.

Therefore the direction cosines of CA are

882 + 102 + -22, 1082 + 102 + -22, -282 + 102 + -228242, 

10242, -2242442, 542, -142

Also Read : Exercise-11.2-Chapter-11-Three-Dimensional-Geometry-class-12-ncert-solutions-Maths

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