The word "colligative" has been adapted or taken from the Latin word "colligatus" which translates to "bound together". A colligative property is a property of a solution that is dependent on the ratio between the total number of solute particles (in the solution) to the total number of solvent particles. Colligative properties are not dependent on the chcmical naturc of the solution's componcnts. Dilute solution containing non-volatile solute exhibit some properties which depend only on the number of solute particles present and not on the type of solute present. These properties are called colligative properties. These properties are mostly seen in dilute solutions. There are different types of colligative properties of a solution. These include, vapour pressure lowering, boiling point elevation, freezing point depression and osmotic pressure.
1.Which one of the following is a colligative property?
(a) Boiling point
(b) Vapour pressure
(c) Osmotic pressure
(d) Freezing point
2.The relative lowering of the vapour pressure is equal to the ratio between the number of
(a) solute molecules to the solvent molecules
(b) solute molecules to the total molecules in the solution
(c) solvent molecules to the total molecules in the solution
(d) solvent molecules to the total number of ions of the solute.
3.Someone has added a non electrolyte solid to the pure liquid but forgot that among which of the two beakers he has added that solid. This problem can be solved by checking
(a) relative lower in vapour pressure
(b) elevation in boiling point
(c) depression in Freezing point
(d) all above
4.$12 \mathrm{~g}$ of a non-volatile solute dissolved in $108 \mathrm{~g}$ of water produces the relative lowering of vapour pressure of $0.1$. The molecular mass of the solute is
(a) 80
(b) 60
(c) 20
(d) 40
5.The freezing point of $1 \%$ solution of lead nitrate in water will be
(a) $2^{\circ} \mathrm{C}$
(b) $1{ }^{\circ} \mathrm{C}$
(c) $0^{\circ} \mathrm{C}$
(d) below $0^{\circ} \mathrm{C}$
a)c,b,d,b,d b)c,a,d,c,d c)c,b,a,c,d d)c,b,d,c,d
(c) Osmotic pressure is a colligative property.
(b) According to Raoult's law, the relative lowering in vapour pressure of a dilute solution is equal to the mole fraction of the solute present in the solution.
$
\frac{p^{\circ}-p}{p}=\text { Mole fraction of solute }=\frac{n}{n+N}
$
(d) All are colligative properties.
(c) $\frac{P^{o}-P_{S}}{P^{o}}=\frac{n}{N}=\frac{w}{m} \times \frac{\mathrm{M}}{W}$
$
0.1=\frac{12}{m} \times \frac{18}{108} \Rightarrow m=\frac{12 \times 18}{0.1 \times 108}=20
$
(d) Addition of solute to water decreases the freezing point of water (pure solvent).
$\therefore$ When $1 \%$ lead nitrate (solute) is added to water, the freezing point of water will be below $0^{\circ} \mathrm{C}$.
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