Text Book Back Questions and Answers - Chapter 6 Health and Hygiene Term 1 6th Science Guide Samacheer Kalvi Solutions - SaraNextGen [2024-2025]

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Textual Evaluation : Chapter 6 - Health and Hygiene - Term 1 - 6th Science Guide Samacheer Kalvi Solutions
I. Choose the appropriate answer
Question $1 .$
Our body needs ________ for muscle-building.
(a) Carbohydrate
(b) Fat
(c) Protein
(d) Water
Answer:
(c) Protein

Question 2.
Scurvy is caused due to the deficiency of
(a) Vitamin $\mathrm{A}$
(b) Vitamin B
(c) Vitamin C
(d) Vitamin D
Answer:
(c) Vitamin C

Question $3 .$
Calcium is an example of a
(a) Carbohydrate
(b) Fat
(c) Protein
(d) Minerals
Answer:
(d) Minerals

Question $4 .$
We should include fruits and vegetables in our diet, because
(a) They are the best source of Carbohydrates.
(b) They are the best source of Proteins.
(c) They are rich in minerals and vitamins.
(d) They have high water content.
Answer:
(c) They are rich in minerals and vitamins.

Question $5 .$
Bacteria are very small _________ microorganism.

(a) Prokaryotic
(b) Eukaryotic
(c) Protozoa
(d) Acellular
Answer:
(a) Prokaryotic

II. True or false
Question $1 .$
There are three main nutrients present in food.
Answer:
False. There are six main nutrients present in food.

Question 2.

Fats are used as an energy store by our body.

Answer:
True.

Question $3 .$
All bacteria have flagella.
Answer:
False. Not all bacteria have flagella only, some bacteria have flagella.

Question 4.

Iron helps in the formation of haemoglobin.

Answer:
True

Question 5.

Virus can grow and multiply outside host.
Answer:
False. Virus can grow and multiply inside host.

III. Fill in the Blanks.
1. Malnutrition leads to______
2. Iodine deficiency leads to ______in adults.
3. Vitamin $\mathrm{D}$ deficiency causes______
4. Typhoid is transmitted due to contamination of______and water.
5. Influenza is a ______disease.
Answers:
1. deficiency disease
2. goitre
3. Rickets
4. food
5. viral (virus)

IV. Complete the Analogy.
Question 1.
Rice: Carbohydrate :: Pulses:______
Answer:
Protein.

Question 2.
Vitamin D : Rickets :: Vitamin C:______
Answer:
Scurvy.

Question $3 .$
Iodine: Goitre :: Iron:______
Answer:
Anaemia.

Question $4 .$
Cholera: Bacteria :: Smallpox:______
Answer:
Virus.

V. Match the following
1. Vitamin $A$-Rickets
2. Vitamin $B-$ Night blindness
3. Vitamin C-Sterility
4. Vitamin D - Beriberi
5. Vitamin $E$ - Scurvy
Answer:
1. Vitamin $A-$ Night blindness
2. Vitamin B - Beri beri
3. Vitamin C - Scurvy
4. Vitamin D - Rickets
5. Vitamin $E$ - Sterility

VI. Complete the diagram

Question: 

Answer:

VII. Write a Short Answer.

Question $1 .$
Write two examples for each of the following.
Answer:
(a) Food items were rich in fat - Egg yolk, meat.
(b) Vitamin deficiency - diseases.
(c) Vitamin C-Scurvy
(d) Vitamin D - Rickets.

Question $2 .$
Differentiate between carbohydrate and protein.
Answer:
Carbohydrate:
1. Energy giving component of the food.
2. The sources of carbohydrate are nuts, fruits, rice and maize.
Protein:
1. It is body building foods.
2. The sources of proteins are pulses, soyabean, nuts, egg, and fish.

Question $3 .$
Define the term "balanced diet"?
Answer:
A balanced diet is a diet which contains an adequate amount of all the necessary nutrients like carbohydrate fat protein minerals and vitamins required for healthy growth and activity.

Question $4 .$
Why should the fruits and vegetables not to be washed after cutting?
Answer:
We should not wash the fruits and vegetables after cutting, because the minerals and protein in the fruits and vegetables will also be washed away.

Question 5.
Write any two viral diseases.
Answer:
1. AIDS
2. Hepatitis.

Question $6 .$
What is the main feature of a microorganism?
Answer:
Microorganism will be seen with the help of microscope. They are very small in size.

VIII. Long Answer.
Question $1 .$
Tabulate the vitamins and their corresponding deficiency diseases.

Answer: 

In-Text Activities
Activity l
Identify the following food items and complete the table given below.

Answer: 

Question $1 .$
Do your favorite foods make you healthy?
Answer:
Some of my favorite foods make me healthy.

Question $2 .$
Do you choose your food by taste or by its nutritive value?
Answer:
I choose my food by taste and also by its nutritive value.

Activity 2
Collect as many food items as you can and classify them according to the major nutrient content in it.

Answer:

Activity 3
Aim: To test the presence of Carbohydrate as Starch in the given food item.
Question $1 .$
What do you need?
Answer:
Boiled potato, dropper and dilute Iodine solution.

Question $2 .$
How to do?
Answer:
Smash the boiled potato. Add two or three drops of dilute Iodine solution on the Sample.

Question $3 .$
What do you observe?
Answer:
The potato turns blue-black in colour.

Question $4 .$
What do you infer?
Answer:
Iodine reacts with Starch to form Starch-Iodine complex which is blueblack in colour. Thus, the appearance of blue-black colour confirms the presence of Starch in the food item.

Activity 4
Aim: To test the presence of Fat in the given food item.
Question $1 .$
What do you need?
Answer:
Coconut Oil, groundnut oil, and any Paper.

Question $2 .$
How to do?
Answer:
Pour few drops of oil onto the paper and rub it gently with your finger. In case of ground nut, crush the groundnut and place it on a paper. Now rub the groundnut on the paper.

Question $3 .$
What do you see?
Answer:
The paper turns translucent and becomes greasy.

Question $4 .$
What do you learn?
Answer:
The given food sample contains fat.

Activity 5
Aim: To test the presence of Protein in the given food item.
Question $1 .$
What do you need?
Answer:
Egg white, Copper sulphate solution, Sodium hydroxide, Test tube and Bunsen burner.

Question 2.
How to do?
Answer:
Take a small amount of the food sample (egg white) and put in the test tube. Add some water to the test tube and shake it. Next, heat the test tube for about one minute. After the test tube has cooled down, add two drops each of Copper sulphate solution and Sodium hydroxide to it.

Question $3 .$
What do you see?
Answer:
The food sample turns purple or violet.

Question $4 .$
What do you learn?
Answer:
Change in colour of the given food sample turns purple or violet confirms the presence of Protein.
Just Think
A medical camp was conducted in School. Most of the children were healthy. Some of the students had some health issues Priya had bleeding gums.
Raja could not see clearly in dim light.
Arun had bent legs.
Can you guess what could be the reasons?
- Priya was affected by Vitamin ' $\mathrm{C}^{\prime}$ deficiency. So she had bleeding gums.
- Raja was affected by vitamin 'A' deficiency. So he could not see clearly in dim light.
- Arun was affected by vitamin ' $\mathrm{D}$ ' deficiency. So he had bent legs.

Activity 6
Question $1 .$
Make your food little healthier. What do you need?
Answer:
A small cup of green gram seeds, Water and thin cloth.

Question $2 .$
How to do?
Answer:
Soak the green gram seeds in water over night. Take out the seeds and strain the water. Wrap the seeds in wet thin cloth. Keep it for a day or two. Sprinkle some water whenever it is dry.

Question $3 .$
What do you see?
Answer:
You can see white sprouts coming out of the seeds.

Question $4 .$
What do you learn?
Answer:
Green gram sprouts are low in calories, have fibre and Vitamin B. It has comparatively high amount of vitamin C and vitamin $\mathrm{K}$.

Complete the following Table $-4$

Answer:

Activity 7
Question:
Why do we need a balanced diet?
Prepare a diet chart to provide balanced diet to a 12 year old child. The diet chart should include food item which are not expensive and are commonly available in your area.
Answer:
We need a balanced diet because,
a balanced diet contains sufficient amount of various nutrients to ensure good health.
Balance diet for 12 year old boy / girl.

Activity 8
Question:
Visit a nearby Anganwadi centre and find the steps taken by the government to overcome malnutrition and ensure health in the age group 0-5 years.
Answer:
Activity to be done by the students themselves

Activity 9
One day Rahim, a class six boy vomited three times. He was looking tired and dehydrated. His mother who was a nurse prepared a solution and gave it to him drink. He felt better after sometime and asked his mother what the solution was. His mother said it was Oral Rehydration Solution - ORS. Shall we see what an ORS is? Vomiting or loose motions result in loss of water and cause salt imbalance in the body. Loss of water (dehydration) can lead to serious problems. This can be prevented by consuming ORS at short intervals.
Follow the steps to make ORS at home:
- Take a litre of boiled water. Cool it.
- Add half a teaspoon of salt and six teaspoons of sugar to it.
- You can also add a few drops of lemon juice to it. Stir it and give it to the person suffering from vomiting, loose motions or dehydration.
Answer:
Activity to be done by the students themselves
Discuss in your class room
"Is virus a living thing or non living thing?"
Answer:
Viruse is a non-living thing.
Reasons:
1. Virus is an a cellular, meaning it lacks a cell membrane.
2. It is an obligate parasite. It requires a host cell to reproduce.
3. It lacks an energy-generating system. It cannot produce its own energy.
4. It cannot perform metabolic activities.
5. Viruses are not composed of cells and do not reproduce themselves from other pre-existing viruses.
6. The genetic material (DNA or RNA) inside the virus invades the living host cell, and causes the cell to replicate virus parts and assemble them to make new viruses, which are released to infect more cells.

Additional Questions
I. Choose the correct answer
Question $1 .$
________provides more energy than Carbohydrates.
(a) Fat
(b) Vitamin
(c) Protein
(d) Water
Answer:
(a) Fat

Question $2 .$
Name the vitamin which is rich in Gooseberry.
(a) $\mathrm{C}$
(b) $\mathrm{E}$
(c) $\mathrm{B}$
(d) $\mathrm{D}$
Answer:
(c) $\mathrm{B}$

Question $3 .$
Among the Vitamins, which one is the water soluble Vitamin?
(a) Vitamin A
(b) Vitamin B
(e) Vitamin D
(d) Vitamin E
Answer:
(b) Vitamin B

Question $4 .$
Name the vitamin present in Muringa leaves
(a) $A$ and $B$
(b) $C$ and $D$
(c) $\mathrm{K}$ and $\mathrm{A}$
(d) $\mathrm{A}$ and $\mathrm{C}$
Answer:
(d) $\mathrm{A}$ and $\mathrm{C}$

Question $5 .$

_______is made in our skin using sunlight.
(a) Vitamin $D$
(b) Vitamin C
(c) Vitamin A
(d) Vitamin B
Answer:
(a) Vitamin D

Question $6 .$
___________are required for growth as well as for the regulation of normal body function.
(a) Fats
(b) Proteins
(c) Carbohydrates
(d) Minerals
Answer:
(d) Minerals

Question $7 .$
$80 \%$ of the world production of Moringa leaves is in
(a) China
(b) Germany
(c) India
(d) Canada
Answer:
(c) India

Question $8 .$
Any human being should take minimum ________ of water every day.
(a) 2 litres
(b) 3 litres
(c) 8 litres
(d) 6 litres
Answer:
(a) 2 litres

Question $9 .$
_________is the bacterial disease and it transmits through contamination of wounds, with the bacteria.
(a) Cholera
(b) Tetanus
(c) Typhoid
(d) Pneumonia
Answer:
(b) Tetanus

Question $10 .$
___________is a cellular agent that replicates only inside the cells of the other living organism.
(a) Bacteria
(b) Protozoa
(c) Fungi
(d) Virus
Answer:
(d) Virus

Il. Fill in the blanks.
Question $1 .$
We can obtain Carbohydrates in the form of
Answer:
Sugar, Starch, Dietary Fibers

Question $2 .$
Vitamins are called as _________food.
Answer:
Protective

Question $3 .$
The vitamins $A, D, E, K$ are ______ soluble vitamins.
Answer:
Fat

Question $4 .$
________is a disease, due to the deficiency of Vitamin $E$.
Answer:
Nervous Weakness

Question $5 .$
Moringa leaves contains powerful anti_______
Answer:
Oxidantsl

Question $6 .$
Skinny appearance and slow body growth are the symptoms of ________disease.
Answer:
Marasmusl

Question 7.
_________is strengthening muscles and the cardiovascular system.
Answer:
Physical exercisel

Question $8 .$
________can kill damage or change the cells and make you sick.
Answer:
Virus

Question $9 .$
Sun screen lotion reduces your skin's ability to produce _________ by up to $95 \%$.
Answer:
Vitamin D

Question $10 .$
Goose bernes contain nearly_________ the vitamin $C$ than orange.
Answer:
20 times

Question $11 .$
India has the __________ highest number of obese children $; \mathrm{n}$ the world.
Answer:
Second

III. True of false. If false give the correct answer.
Question $1 .$
Minerals are required for carrying out various biochemical reactions in our body.
Answer:
False. Vitamins are required for carrying out various biochemical reactions in our body.

Question $2 .$
Night blindness is a disease due to deficiency of Vitamin $A$.
Answer:
True.

Question $3 .$
Vitamin D abundantly found in orange and gooseberry.
Answer:
False. Vitamin C abundantly found in orange and gooseberry.

Question $4 .$
Sun screen lotion reduces ability to produce Vitamin D. It leads to Vitamin D deficiency diseases.
Answer:
True.

Question $5 .$
Iodine maintains strong bones, teeth and helps in clotting of blood.
Answer:
False. Calcium maintains strong bones, teeth and helps in clotting of blood.

Question $6 .$
Moringa leaves are rich in the minerals potassium, calcium and iron.
Answer:
True.

IV. Complete the Analogy
Question $1 .$
Polio : Virus :: Tetanus : ______

Answer:
Bacteria

Question $2 .$
_______:Diarrhoea:: Marasmus: Slow body growth.
Answer:
Kwashiorkar

Question $3 .$
Synthesis of thyroid harmone: Iodine:: Formation of haeniogiobin: _______
Answer:
Iron

Question $4 .$
Fish oil : Vitamin D :: Vegetable oil : _______
Answer:
Vitamin II

Question $5 .$
Vitamin $\mathrm{K}$ : Clotting of blood $:$ Vitamin $\mathrm{E}$ :_______
Answer:
Fertility

Question $6 .$
Protein: Soya bean:: Fat:_______
Answer:
Meat

V. Match the following.
Question $1 .$
1. Carbohydrate - (a) Carrying out various biochemical reactions
2. Proteins - (b) Regulation of normal body function
3. Vitamins - (c) energy giving component
4. Minerals - (d) Body building food
Answer:
1. $-\mathrm{C}$
2. $-d$
3. $-a$
4. $-\mathrm{b}$

Question $2 .$

Answer:
1. $-\mathrm{d}$
2. $-\mathrm{e}$
3. $-\mathrm{b}$
4. $-\mathrm{a}$
5. $-c$

VI. Complete the diagram

Answer:
$\mathrm{A}-$ Exercise
B-Yoga.

VII. Short Answers.
Question $1 .$
Define homeostasis.
Answer:
It is to maintain a stable equilibrium of body in accordance with the pressures and changes of body environment.

Question $2 .$
What are the nutrients obtained from food?
Answer:
1. Carbohydrate
2. Proteins
3. Fats
4. Vitamins
5. Minerals
6. Water.

Question 3 .
What is meant by deficiency diseases?
Answer:
The diseases that are caused due to lack of nutrients in the diet are called deficiency diseases.

Question $4 .$
Sun Screen lotion is not good for our health. Justify.
Answer:
Sun Screen lotion reduces our skin's ability to produce vitamin D upto $95 \%$. It may lead to Vitamin D deficiency. So it not for good our health.

Question $5 .$
Fill in the blanks.
A - Calcium - Rickets
Phosphorus -_________
Answer:
Osteomalacia

B - Iodine - cretinism
Iron- ________
Answer:
anaemia

Question $6 .$
What are the nutrients present in Moringa leaves?
Answer:
Moringa leaves are rich in Vitamin $A$, Vitamin C, Potassium, Calcium, Iron and Protein. It also contains powerful antioxidants.

Question $7 .$
How does Balanced diet help in our body?
Answer:
Balanced diet helps in our body, in the following ways :
1. An increased capacity to work
2. Good physical and mental health
3. Increased capacity to resist diseases.
4. Help in proper growth of the body.

Question $8 .$
Give some mineral deficiency diseases.
Answer:
Rickets, Osteomalatia, Cretinism in Child, Goitre in adult, Anaemia are the mineral deficiency diseases.

Question $9 .$
How does Physical exercise help us?
Answer:
Physical exercise helps us in the following ways:

1. increase in growth and development
2. strengthening muscles and the cardiovascular system
3. developing athletic skills
4. weight loss or maintenance, and enjoyment.

Question $10 .$
How are the following bacterial diseases transmitted?
(i) Cholera
(ii) Tetanus
(iii) Typhoid
(iv) Tuberculosis

Answer: 

Question $11 .$
Name the countries which import Moringa leaves.
Answer:
China, United States, German, Canada, South Korea and European Countries import Moringa leaves.

Question $12 .$
Define health.
Answer:
Health is a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely absence of diseases. Eating a healthy diet keeps us physically and mentally fit.

Question $13 .$
Name the four major groups of Microbes.
Answer:
Microbes divided into four major groups. They are
- Bacteria
- Virus
- Protozoa
- Fungi

Question $14 .$
Define Disease.
Answer:
Disease is a definite pathological process having a characteristic set of signs and symptoms.

Question $15 .$
What is a Retrovirus?
Answer:
A Virus that contains R.N.A. instead of D.N.A. is called a Retrovirus.

VIII. Long Answer.
Question $1 .$
Fill in the Table:

Answer: