Text Book Back Questions and Answers - Chapter 1 Vedic Culture in North India and Megalithic Culture in South India Term 2 6th Social History Guide Samacheer Kalvi Solutions - SaraNextGen [2024-2025]

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Chapter 1 - Vedic Culture in North India and Megalithic Culture in South India - Term 2 - 6th Social History Guide Samacheer Kalvi Solutions- Text Book Back Questions and Answers

I. Choose the correct answer:

Question 1.
Aryans first settled in region
(a) Punjab
(b) Middle Gangetic
(c) Kashmir
(d) Northeast

Answer:
(a) Punjab

Question 2.
Aryans came from
(a) China
(b) North Asia
(c) Central Asia
(d) Europe

Answer:
(c) Central Asia

Question 3.
Our National Motto "Sathyameva Jay ate" is taken from
(a) Brahmana
(c) Aranyaka
(b) Veda
(d) Upanishad

Answer:
(d) Upanishad

Question 4.
What was the ratio of land revenue collected during Vedic Age

(a) $1 / 3$
(b) $1 / 6$
(c) $1 / 8$
(d) $1 / 9$

Answer:
(b) $1 / 6$
II. Match the statement with the Reason / Tick the appropriate answer:

Question 1.
Assertion : The vedic age is evidenced by good number of texts and adequate amount of material evidences.
Reason : Shrutis comprise the Vedas, the Brahmanas, the Aranyakas and the Upanishads.
(a) Both $\mathrm{A}$ and $\mathrm{R}$ are true and $\mathrm{R}$ is the correct explanation of $\mathrm{A}$.
(b) Both $\mathrm{A}$ and $\mathrm{R}$ are true but $\mathrm{R}$ is not the correct explanation of $\mathrm{A}$.
(c) $\mathrm{A}$ is true but $\mathrm{R}$ is false.
(d) $\mathrm{A}$ is false but $\mathrm{R}$ is true.

Answer:
(d) $\mathrm{A}$ is false but $\mathrm{R}$ is true.

Question 2.
Statement I : Periplus mentions the steel imported into Rome from peninsular India was subjected to duty in the port of Alexandria.
Statement II : Evidence for iron smelting has come to light at Paiyampalli.
(a) Statement I is wrong
(b) Statement II is wrong
(c) Both the statements are correct
(d) Both the statements are wrong

Answer:
(c) Both the statements are correct

Question 3.
Which of the statement is not correct in the Vedic society
(a) A widow could re-marry.
(b) Child marriage was in practice.
(c) Father's property was inherited by his son.
(d) Sati was unknown.

Answer:
(b) Child marriage was in practice.

Question 4.
Which is the correct ascending order of the Rig Vedic society?
(a) Grama $<$ Kula $<$ Vis $<$ Rashtra $<$ Jana
(b) Kula $<$ Grama $<$ Vis $<$ Jana $<$ Rashtra
(c) Rashtra $<$ Jana $<$ Grama $<$ Kula $<$ Vis
(d) Jana $<$ Grama $<$ Kula $<$ Vis $<$ Rashtra

Answer:
(b) Kula $<$ Grama $<$ Vis $<$ Jana $<$ Rashtra
III. Fill in the blanks :
1. Vedic culture was in nature.
2. was a tax collected from the people in Vedic period.
3. system is an ancient learning method.
4. Adhichanallur is in district.

Answer:
1. kinship
2. Bali
3. Gurukula
4. Thoothukudi
IV. True or False:
1. The Roman artefacts found at various sites provide evidence of Indo - Roman trade relations.
2. A Hero Stone is a memorial stone raised in remembrance of the honourable death of a hero.
3. The army chief was called Gramani.

4. The Black and Red were pottery became the characteristic of the Megalithic period.
5. Evidence for iron smelting has come to light at Paiyampalii.

Answer:
1. True
2. True
3. False
4. True
5. True
V. Match the following

Answers:
1. 1
2. 2
3. 3
4. 4
VI. Answer in one or two sentences:

Question 1.
Name the four Vedas.
Answer:
The four Vedas are Rig, Yajur, Sama and Atharva.
Question 2.
What were the animals domesticated by Vedic people?
Answer:
1. Elephants
2. Cow
3. Goat
4. Sheep
5. Horse

Question 3.
What do you know about Megalith?
Answer:
The term 'Megalith' is derived from Greek. 'Megas' means great and 'lithos' means stone. Using big stone slabs built upon the places of burial is known as Megalith.

Question 4.
What are Dolmens?
Answer:
1. Dolmens are Megalithic tombs.
2. They are made of two or more upright stones with a single stone lying across the burial site.

Question 5.
What are Urns?
Answer:
Urns are large pottery jars used for burying the dead.
Question 6.
Name the coins used for business transactions in the Vedic period.
Answer:
1. Nishka
2. Satmana (gold)
3. Krishnala (silver)

Question 7.
Name some Megalithic monuments found in Tamil Nadu.
Answer:
1. Dolmens
2. Menhir

Dolmens are Megalithic tombs. Megalithic Dolmens have been found in Veeraraghavapuram village, Kanchipuram district, Kummalamaruthupatti, Dindigulfc, district, and in Narasingampatti, Madurai district.
VII. Answer the following :

Question 1.
Write briefly about the archaeological site at Kodumanal.
Answer:
1. Kodumanal is in Erode district.
2. Kodumanal is identified with the Kodumanam of Pathitrupathu.
3. More than 300 pottery inscriptions in Tamil Brahmi have been discovered.
4. Spindles, whorls, piece of cloth, tools, weapons, ornaments and beads have been discovered.
5. A Menhir was found at the burial site.

Question 2.
Write about the Vedic women in a paragraph.
Answer:
1. In Rig Vedic society, women relatively enjoyed some freedom.
2. The wife was respected as the mistress of the household.
3. She could perform rituals in her house.
4. In Rig Vedic period widows could remarry.
5. But they were denied to inherit parental property.
6. They played no role in public affairs.
7. In the later Vedic period women's position declined, demand to perform rituals and marriage rules became more rigid.
8. Polygamy became common, and women were denied education
VIII. HOTS:

Question 1.
Difference between the Gurukula system of education and the Modern system of education.
Answer:

IX. Pride and Joy - Let us find out die fact 

X. students Activity

Question 1.
Sentence making by using these new words.
(Shruti, Gramani, Rashtras, Iron Age, Semi-nomadic, Barter)
a. Shruti - Shruti works are considered to have been heard and transmitted by earthly sages.
b. Gramani - Gramani was the head of a village called Grama.
c. Rashtras - Rashtras were tribal kingdoms like Bharatas and Matsyas.
d. Iron Age - In India the Vedic period covers both the end of the Bronze Age and the start of the Iron Age.
e. Semi nomadic - Semi nomadic people lived usually in portable or temporary dwellings practicing seasonal migration.
f. Barter - Under barter system people exchanged services and goods for other services and goods in turn.

Question 2.
Word Search

1. A pass $-\mathrm{KHYBER}$
2. Text containing teachings on religion - SMRITI
3. A group of villages - VIS
4. A tribal assembly - GANA
5. Assembly of people - SAMITI
6. Fire-AGNI
7. Gold coin - SATMANA
8. Period of Vedic Age - IRON AGE
9. Megalithic tomb-DOLMENS
XI. Life Skill

Question 1.
Collect information from Newspapers about archaeological finds with the help your teacher.

Answer:
(i) An archaeological site is a place where evidence of past activity is preserved.
(ii) Archaeological theory is used to interpret the archaeological record for a better understanding of human culture.
(iii) The archaeological record can consist of the earliest ancient findings as well as contemporary artefacts. For example 'The Hindu' dated August 10, 2017, published the information about Azhagankulam site. New finds link Azhagankulam site to Sangam Era. 12,000 artefacts unearthed so far; Archaeologists believe excavation could throw up more surprises. The excavation at Azhagankulam in the Vaigai River Valley show that the site could date back to the Sangam Age, quite like the archaeological site at Keezhadi in Sivaganga district.
(iv) Another example: Hindustan Times dated June 28, 2016. Archaeologists and Researchers have unearthed the crumbling remains of an ancient urban centre, equal in size and importance of that of Mohenjodaro. Keezhadi is a small village that lies past an unmanned railway crossing, several stretches of paddy fields and swaying palms in the Sivaganga district of Tamil Nadu, $12 \mathrm{kms}$ from the city of Madurai.

XII. Answer Grid: 

In-Text Questions

HOTS
Question 1.
State the differences between Indus and Vedic civilization.
Answer:

Additional Questions
I. Choose the correct answer:

Question 1.
The first phase of urbanisation in India came to an end with the decline of ___________
(a) Indus civilization
(b) Vedic civilization
(c) Bronze civilization
(d) None of the above

Answer:
(a) Indus civilization

Question 2.
Sapta Sindhu was the land of ____
(a) Five
(b) Seven
(c) Eight
(d) Ten

Answer:
(b) Seven

Question 3.
Sapta Sindhu means the land of _______
(a) Seven rivers
(b) Seven villages
(c) Seven Tribes
(d) Seven hills

Answer:
(a) Seven rivers

Question 4.
Paiyampalli is in .............. District.
(a) Erode
(b) Vellore
(c) Thoothukudi
(d) Dindigul

Answer:
(b) Vellore

Question 5.
In economic, political and military matters, the king was assisted by the ______
(a) Gramani
(b) Senani
(c) Purohit
(d) Vidhata

Answer:
(b) Senani

Question 6.
Non-Aryans were called ___________
(a) Janas
(b) Dasyus
(c) Sabha
(d) Samitha

Answer:
(b) Dasyus

Question 7.
In the Later Vedic Period the role of women in society _____________
(a) increased
(b) declined
(c) remained the same as before
(d) became equal with the role of man

Answer:
(b) declined

Question 8.
The staple crop of the Aryans was __________
(a) Rice
(b) Wheat
(c) Millets
(d) Barley

Answer:
(d) Barley

Question 9.
Paiympalli is located in ____________ district.
(a) Vellore
(b) Madurai
(c) Sivaganga
(d) Dindigul

Answer:
(a) Vellore
II. Match the statement with the Reason. Tick the appropriate answer:

Question 1.
Assertion (A) : The Megalithic monuments bear witness to a highly advanced state of civilisation with the knowledge of iron and community living.
Reason (R) : Megalithic Dolmens have been found in Veeraragavapuram village, Kanchipuram District.
(a) Both $\mathrm{A}$ and $\mathrm{R}$ are true and $\mathrm{R}$ is correct explanation of $\mathrm{A}$.
(b) Both $\mathrm{A}$ and $\mathrm{R}$ are true but $\mathrm{R}$ is not the correct explanation of $\mathrm{A}$.
(c) $A$ is true but $R$ is False.
(d) $\mathrm{A}$ is false and $\mathrm{R}$ is True.

Answer:
(a) Both $\mathrm{A}$ and $\mathrm{R}$ are true and $\mathrm{R}$ is correct explanation of $\mathrm{A}$.

Question 2.
Statement I : The Aryans were semi-nomadic pastoralists.
Statement II : The Aryans practised slash and burn agriculture.
(a) Statement I is wrong.
(b) Statement II is wrong.
(c) Both the Statements are wrong,
(d) Both the statements are correct.

Answer:
(d) Both Statements are correct.

Question 3.
Which of the statement is not correct in the Vedic economy?
(a) Carpenters and Potters were there
(b) Two crops a year was raised
(c) The staple crop was wheat
(d) Barter system was prevalent

Answer:
(c) The staple crop was wheat

Question 4.
Which of the statement is correct in the Vedic culture?
(a) Bali was tax consisting of $\%$ of the agricultural produce or cattle for a person.
(b) Dasyus were Aryans Kshatriyas belonged to the warrior class Polygamy was unknown
(c) Kshatriyas belonged to the warrior class
(d) Polygamy was unknown

Answer:
(c) Kshatriyas belonged to the warrior class
III. Fill lit the blanks:
1. Vedic Age gets its name from _____
2. The Aryans moved eastward and settled in ____
3. Smritis are not _____
4. The basic unit of the Vedic Polity was _____
5. Sabha means ______
6. Samiti means _______
7. The Vedic family was __________

8. In the later Vedic period the rules of marriage became ________
9. Pottery of the vedic period was ________
10. In the Vedic period the mode of prayer was recitation of ______
11. The ancient method of learning was __________ 
12. Megalithic period in ancient Tamilakam synchronised with ______________

Answer:
1. Four Vedas
2. Indo Gangetic Plain
3. eternal
4. Kula
5. A Council of Elders
6. Assembly of People
7. patriarchal
8. more rigid
9. Painted Grey Ware Culture
10. Vedic Hymns
11. Gurukula System
12. Pre sangam period
IV. State True or False
1. Vedic Age is a period in History of India between $1500 \mathrm{BC}(\mathrm{BCE})$ and $-600 \mathrm{BC}(\mathrm{BCE})$.
2. Ithihasas come under Shrutis.
3. Smritis are constantly revised.
4. Rajan was the head of a Village.
5. The king performed various rituals to make his position strong.

6. A rigid four fold vama system emerged under the Rig Vedic society.
7. Women of Vedic society played a major role in Public Affairs.
8. Idol worship was practised in the vedic period.
9. Under Gurukula system the Shishyas resided with their Guru.
10. The later Vedic culture in North India and the Iron Age in south India belong to the same period.

Answer:
1. True
2. False
3. True
4. False
5. True
6. False
7. False
8. False
9. True
10. True
V. Match the following:

Question  1 .

Answer:
1. 3
2. 1
3. 4
4. 2
VI. Answer in one or two sentences:

Question 1.
What is slash and burn agriculture?
Answer:
Slash and bum agriculture is a farming method that involves clearing the land by cutting and burning all the trees and plants on it. Cultivation is done there for a short time.

Question 2.
What were the crops cultivated?
Answer:
1. Wheat
2. Rice
3. Barley

Question 3.
Mention the archaeological sources of the Aryans.
Answer:
Material remains such as iron implements and pottery from the archaeological sites in Punjab, Uttar Pradesh and Rajasthan along the Indus and the Ganges form the archaeologic sources of the Aryans.

Question 4.
Classify the Vedic Age.
Answer:

Question 5.
By whom were the powers of the Raj an limited?
Answer:
1. The main responsibility of the Rajan was to protect his tribe.
2. His powers were limited by tribal assemblies namely Vidhata, Sabha, Samiti and Gana.

Question 6.
When did hereditary kingship begin to emerge?
Answer:
1. When the Aryans moved east ward- into Ganges-Yamuna-Doab regions, the early settlements were replaced by territorial kingdoms.
2. Thus the hereditary kingship began to emerge.

Question 7.
How were Janapadas formed?
Answer:
In later Vedic period, many Janas or Tribes were amalgamated to form Janapadas or Rashtras.
Question 8.
Who formed Trevji in the early Vedic society?
1. Within the early Vedic Society there were three divisions (Trevji) as given below:
2. The general public were called Vis, the warrior class was called Kshatriyas and the Priestly class was named Brahmanas.

Question 9.
Mention the subject of the study under Gurukula system.
Answer:
The subjects of the study under Gurukula system included the four Vedas, Ithihasas, Puranas, grammar, logic, ethics, astrology, maths and military science.

Question 10.
Mention the four ashramas which emerged during the later vedic period.
Answer:
Towards the end of the later Vedic period, the concept of four stages in life (the four ashramas) developed.
1. Brahmacharya (Student Life)
2. Grihastha (Married Life)
3. Vanaprastha (Going to the forest to meditate)
4. Sanyasa (Leading a life of an ascetic)

Question 11.
Define the term Menhir.
Answer:
In Breton Language 'Men' means "stone" and 'hir' means "long." They are monolithic pillars planted vertically into the ground in memory of the dead.

Question 12.
Where are herostones found in Tamil Nadu?
Answer:
In Tamil Nadu hero stones are found at Maanur village near Palani, Dindigul district, Vellalankottai, Tuticorin district, and Pulimankombai, Dindigul district.
VII. Answer the following:

Question 1.
What about the Aryans and their home in India?
Answer:
(i) Aryans of the Rig Vedic Period were semi-nomadic. They were basically pastoral people with cattle as their main source of wealth.
(ii) In the Rig Vedic times, the Aryan homeland was Punjab, which was at that time called Sapta Sindhu, the land of seven rivers.

(iii) Around $1000 \mathrm{BC}$ (BCE), Aryans in India moved eastward and settled in Indo- Gangetic Plain.
(iv) Use of iron axes and ploughs became widespread.

Question 2.
By whom was Rajan helped to protect his tribe?
Answer:
1. The main responsibility of the Rajan was to protect his tribe.
2. His powers were limited by tribal assemblies namely Vidhata, Sabha, Samiti and Gana.
3. Of these Vidhata, (the tribal assembly) was the oldest.
4. The king appointed a purohit (chief priest) to assist him.
5. In economic, political and military matters, the king was assisted by the Senani (army chief).
6. Gramani was the leader of the village.

Question 3.
How did trade become extensive under the Vedic age?
Answer:
1. Under the Vedic age, use of iron plough and axe helped to put more areas of land under cultivation.
2. Crops of wheat, rice and barley were cultivated.
3. With the growth of agriculture, the idea of private possession of land came into existence.
4. New crafts and arts developed leading to production of commodities for sale.
5. Thus, trade became extensive.
6. Barter system was prevalent.
7. They used Nishka, Satmana (gold coins) and Krishnala (silver coins) for business transactions.

Question 4.
State the salient features of the Gurukula system of education.
Answer:
1. The gurukula system is an ancient learning method.
2. The word Gurukula is a combination of the Sanskrit Word Guru (teacher or master) and Kula (family or home).
3. The shishyas resided with their guru and served them and simultaneously learnt $\mathrm{L}$ and gained knowledge.
4. Only Dvijas could be Shishyas. No women could have formal education.
5. The students received education through oral tradition meaning rote learning, and were required to memorise everything.
6. The subjects of the study included the four Vedas, Ithihasas, Puranas, grammar, logic, ethics, astrology, maths and military science.
7. The students were also trained to lead a disciplined life.

Question 5.
Write a note on Keezhadi in Sivaganga district. $\mathrm{g}$ $\cdot$
Answer:
(i) The Archaeological Survey of India (ASI) excavated an ancient town dating to Sangam Age in Keezhadi village at Tirupathur taluk.
(ii) Excavations have produced evidence for brick buildings, and well laid - out drainage system.
(iii) Tamil - Brahmi inscription on pottery, beads of glass, camelian and quartz, pearl, gold ornaments and iron objects, shell bangles, ivory dice have been unearthed.
(iv) The Roman artefacts found at the site add to the evidence of ancient Indo -Roman trade relations.
(v) Periplus mentions the steel imported to Rome from Peninsular India was subj ected to duty in the port of Alexandria.

Question 6.
What are Menhirs? Where are they find in Tamil Nadu?
Answer:
(i) Menhirs are monolithic pillars planted vertically into the ground in memory of the dead.
(ii) Menhir at Singaripalayam in Tirupur District and at Vembur in Theni District points to the existence of an ancient settlement along the banks of River Uppar.
(iii) Menhirs are found at Narasingampatti, Madurai district, Kumarikalpalayam and Kodumanal in Erode district.
VIII. Word search

Question 1.
Sentence making by using these new words.

1. Shruti Literature-UPANISHADS
2. An Archaeological site - RAJASTHAN
3. A tribal kingdom - PURAS
4. Three divisions of Early Vedic Society - TREYI
5. Unknown to Rig vedic women - SATI
6. Shyama-IRON
7. Leading of life of an ascetic-SANYASA
8. The Roman artefacts found here-KEEZHADI
9. Used for making thread from cotton - WHORLS
10. The Monolithic pillars planted vertically - MENHIR
IX. Answer Grid.