Text Book Back Questions and Answers - Chapter 7 Mapping Skills 9th Social Geography Guide Samacheer Kalvi Solutions - SaraNextGen [2024-2025]

Updated On May 15, 2024

By SaraNextGen

Chapter 7 - Mapping Skills - 9th Social Geography Guide Samacheer Kalvi Solutions - Text Book Back Questions and Answers

I. Choose the correct answer.

Question 1.
The new phase in topographical surveying in the $20^{\text {th }}$ century is _______
(a) toposheets
(b) aerial photography
(c) maps
(d) satellite imagery

Answer:
(d) satellite imagery

Question 2.

_____ indicates the purpose or theme of the map.
(a) Title
(b) Scale
(c) Direction
(d) Legend

Answer:
(a) Title

Question 3.
Standard symbols that are used in maps to convey a definite meaning are called ________
(a) conventional signs and symbols
(b) coordinates
(c) grid references
(d) directions

Answer:
(a) conventional signs and symbols

Question 4.
Which one of the following maps show us a very large area with less details?
(a) Large scale

(b) Thematic
(c) Physical
(d) Small scale

Answer:
(d) Small scale

Question 5.
GPS consists of a constellation of ________ satellites.
(a) 7
(b) 24
(c) 3.2
(d) 64

Answer:
(b) 24
II. Consider the given statements and choose the right option given below.

Question 1.
Assertion(A): The points at which the vertical and horizontal lines of the grid intersect are called coordinates.
Reason(R): The lines that run horizontally and vertically are called Northings and Eastings respectively.
(a) Both (A) and (R) are true ; (R) explains (A)
(b) Both (A) and (R) are true ; (R) does not explain (A)
(c) (A) is correct; (R) is false
(d) (A) is false ; (R) is true

Answer:
(a) Both (A) and (R) are true ; (R) explains (A)

Question 2.
Assertion(A): The legend of a map does not help us to understand the information in a map.
Reason(R): It is usually placed at the left or right comer at the bottom of the map.
(a) (A) is false ; (R) is true .
(b) Both (A) and (R) are true ; (R) does not explain (A)
(c) (A) is correct; (R) is false
(d) Both (A) and (R) are true ; (R) explains (A)

Answer:
(a) (A) is false; (R) is true
III. Match the following:

Answers:
1. (e)
2. (d)
3. (b)
4. (c)
5. (a)
IV. Answer in brief

Question 1
Name the different methods to represent the Earth. '
Answer:
The three methods in widest use are as follows:
1. Projection on the surface of a cylinder
2. Projection on to the surface of a cone
3. Projection directly onto a flat plane, called planar or zenithal or azimuthal projection.

Question 2.
What is a map?
Answer:
A map is the basic tool of a geographer. It illustrates the earth's surface Clearly and effectively through a combination of drawings, words and symbols. A map is a location guide.

Question 3.
What are the components of a map?
Answer:
Title, scale and directions are the three components of a map.
Question 4.
The distance between two cities $A$ and $B$ is $5 \mathrm{~km}$. It is represented by a line of $5 \mathrm{~cm}$ on the map. Calculate the distance and give the answer in RF.
Answer:
Representative Fraction (R.F.) = Distance on the map / Distance on the ground Given, Distance on the map $=5 \mathrm{~cm}$
Distance on the ground $=5 \mathrm{~km}$
$\therefore$ R.F. $=5 \mathrm{~cm} / 5 \mathrm{~km}$
Converting $\mathrm{km}$ to $\mathrm{cm} ; 5 \mathrm{~km}=500000 \mathrm{~cm}$
So R.F. is $5: 500000$
i.e. R.F. is $1: 100000$

Question 5.
Mention a few surveying instruments.
Answer:
Chain, Prismatic compass, Plane table, Dumpy level, Abney level, Clinometre, Theodolite, Total Station and GNSS are some of the surveying instruments.

Question 6.
Define remote sensing.
Answer:
Remote Sensing refers to the observation and measurement of earthly objects without touching them. 'Remote' means far away and 'Sensing' means observing or collecting information.
Remote sensing means acquiring information of things/places from a distance, using a variety of tools and methods.

Question 7.
What are the components of remote sensing?
Answer:
Components of remote sensing are:
- Energy source
- Transmission path
- Target
- Sensor
V. Give Reasons

Question 1.
Satellite imageries stimulate map making.
Answer:
1. Satellite imagery refers to digitally transmitted images of the satellites. Therefore it can be easily integrated with software for improvement of images.
2. Satellites circle the Earth, or remain geostationary and therefore, changes in weather or any other natural or man made modifications does not affect the functioning of Satellites.

Question 2.
Map is the basic tool of a geographer.
Answer:
With maps on hand, one can see the world in one sweep. A map is worth a thousand words. Maps are introduced with its components such as scale, signs and symbols. A map is the basic tool of a geographer. It illustrates the earth's surface clearly and effectively through a combination of drawings, words and symbols. A map is a location guide.

Question 3.
Grid references are essential to find the exact location of places on a map.
Answer:

The location of a place can be simply defined by its latitude and longitude. In normal practice, latitude is stated first and then comes the longitude. The latitude and longitude of a place can be expressed in units of degree, minutes and seconds.

A grid is a set of lines with alphanumeric codes for defining a location on a map in many topographical sheets. The lines that run horizontally from left to right of the map are known as northings, whereas, the lines that run vertically from the top to the bottom of the map are called eastings. The points at which the vertical and horizontal lines of the grid intersect are called coordinates which are identified by numbers or letters.

Question 4.
Web cartography is one of the modern mapping techniques.
Answer:
The introduction of web mapping is a major new trend in cartography. The term Web cartography is connected with the design, production, display and use of maps over the Web. Various types of maps are present on the Web. Until recently cartography was restricted as it required relatively expensive and complex hardware and software as well as skilled cartographers and geomatics engineers.

Web based GIS has brought many geographical datasets, including free ones generated by OpenStreetMap and proprietary datasets owned by Navteq, Google, Waze, and others. A range of free software to generate maps has also been conceived and implemented alongside proprietary tools like ArcGIS. As a result, the barrier to entry for serving maps on the web has been lowered.
VI. Distinguish Between The Following:

Question 1.
Globe and Map
Answer:

Question 2.
Large scale map and small scale map

Answer:

Question 3.
Aerial photographs and satellite imageries

Answer:

Question 4.
GIS and GPS
Answer:

VII Answer in a paragraph:
Question 1.
What do you mean by the term 'scale of the map'? Explain its classification.

Answer:
Scale makes it possible to reduce the size of the whole earth to show it on a piece of paper. A scale is a ratio between the actual distance on the map to the actual distance on the ground. Scales can be represented in three methods. They are the Statement, Representative Fraction (R.F) and Linear or Graphical scale methods.

Statement scale
The statement scale describes the relationship of map distance to ground distance in words, such as one centimetre to ten kilometres. It is expressed as $1 \mathrm{~cm}=10 \mathrm{~km}$.

The Representative Fraction (R.F)
It describes the proportion or ratio of the map distance to ground distance. It is usually abbreviated as R.F. It is stated as $1 / 100000$ (or) $1: 100000$. This means that one unit on the map represents 100,000 of the same unit on the ground. This unit may be an inch or a centimetre or any other linear measurement unit. Thus, Representative Fraction (R.F.) $=$ Distance on the map/ Distance on the ground

Question 2.
Write a note on directions with a relevant diagram.
Answer:
Direction
Maps are drawn normally with north orientation. North direction in a map is always towards the North Pole of the earth. If you position yourself looking at the North Pole, on your right will be the east; your left will be the west; at your back will be south. These four main directions are called the cardinal directions. Direction is usually indicated on a map by a North-South line, with the North direction represented by an arrow head.

Question 3.
What are the three major functional segments of GPS? Explain about any one.
Answer:
The Global Positioning System (GPS) is a U.S. owned utility that provides users with positioning, navigation and timing services (PNT). This system consists of three segments: the space segment, the control segment and the user segment.

Space Segment: This is formed by a Satellite Constellation with enough satellites to ensure that the users will have at least 4 simaltaneous satellites in view from any point at the Earth Surface at any time.

Question 4.
Bhuvan has tremendous uses for scientists, policy makers or the general public. Justify.

Answer:
Bhuvan (Sanskrit for Earth) is a free internet based computer application launched by the Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO) on August 12th 2009. It enables visualization of Indian Remote Sensing (IRS) images taken over a year ago, by ISRO's seven satellites, including CartoSat-1 and CartoSat-2. Using Bhuvan connected to Internet, one can explore places of interest, scenes of events in the news or parts around the world they may never visit in person, by either entering the names of places or co-ordinates (latitudes and longitudes).

Bhuvan has tremendous uses for scientists, academicians, policy makers and the general public.

Advantages
- Bhuvan, due to 3D rendering, gives the impression of moving through real space through the entire globe
- Students can use Bhuvan to understand subjects ranging from Sciences to History of places.
- It provides information on natural resources and timely information on disasters.
- Administrators use it for monitoring various developmental schemes.

VIII. HOTS:

Question 1.
Can you imagine a world without satellites?
Answer:
No, we cannot imagine a world without satellites.
1. Our lives would change in so many ways. Millions of people would be affected as they can't speak through mobile phones or send messages, TV shows would be missed, important informations cannot be passed on quickly and so on.
2. Scientific studies would be greatly restricted.
3. Army people would face difficulty in coordinating for international operations.
4. Spying would be impossible.
5. There will be navigation issues, communication issues, etc.

Question 2.
Imagine you are a cartographer. Plan and bring out a few ideas to improve your area.
Answer:
Cartographers are trained in aerial photography and in collecting survey data for preparing maps, charts and sketches.

They work to create detailed information maps based on survey data.
* Ideas to improve Chennai
1. Maintaining the ecological process in Chennai.
2. Balancing the essential infrastructures of the urban areas.
3. Improving the connectivity in and around South Chennai from the main city.
4. Improving Civic Services

Chennai corporation is set to upgrade its Geographical Information System (GIS) services. This was used for the creation of digital base and Utility mapping using GIS technology in 44,000 streets in Chennai.
(* Students can add their own creative ideas)

IX Map skill:
A. With the help of an atlas, mark the following on the outline map of Tamil Nadu.
a. The latitude and longitude of Chennai. .
b. Mark the city located at $10^{\circ} \mathrm{N}, 78^{\circ} \mathrm{E}$.
c. Locate the city approximately on $11^{\circ} \mathrm{N}$ and $76^{\circ} \mathrm{E}$.
d. Find the latitude and longitude of Kanyakumari and mark it.