Text Book Back Questions and Answers - Chapter 7 Body Fluids and Circulation 11th Biology Zoology Guide Samacheer Kalvi Solutions - SaraNextGen [2024-2025]

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On April 24, 2024, 11:35 AM

Body Fluids and Circulation
Text Book Back Questions and Answers
I. Multiple Choice Questions
Question 1.
What is the function of lymph?
(a) Transport of $\mathrm{O}_2$ into brain
(b) Transport of $\mathrm{CO}_2$ into lungs
(c) Bring interstitial fluid in blood
(d) Bring RBC and WBC in lymph node
Answer:
(c) Bring interstitial fluid in blood
Question 2.
Which one of the following plasma proteins is involved in the coagulation of blood?
(a) Globulin
(b) Fibrinogen
(c) Albumin
(d) Serum amylase
Answer:
(b) Fibrinogen
Question 3.
Which of the following WBCs are found in more numbers?
(a) Eosinophil
(b) Neutrophil
(c) Basophil
(d) Monocyte
Answer:
(b) Neutrophil
Question 4.
Which of the following is not involved in blood clotting?

(a) Fibrin
(b) Calcium
(c) Platelets
(d) Bilirubin
Answer:
(d) Bilirubin
Question 5.
Lymph is colourless because
(a) WBC are absent
(b) WBC are present
(c) Haemoglobin is absent
(d) RBC are absent
Answer:
(c) Haemoglobin is absent
Question 6.
Blood group is due to the presence or absence of surface
(a) Antigens on the surface of WBC
(b) Antibodies on the surface of RBC
(c) Antigens on the surface of RBC
(d) Antibodies on the surface of WBC
Answer:
(c) Antigens on the surface of RBC
Question 7.
A person having both antigen $A$ and antigen $B$ on the surface of RBCs belongs to blood group
(a) $\mathrm{A}$
(b) $B$
(c) $A B$
(d) $\mathrm{O}$
Answer:
(c) $A B$

Question 8.
Erythroblastosis foetalis is due to the destruction of
(a) Foetal RBCs
(b) Foetus suffers from atherosclerosis
(c) Foetal WBCs
(d) Foetus suffers from mianmata
Answer:
(a) Foetal RBCs
Question 9.
Dub sound of heart is caused by
(a) Closure of atrio-ventricular valves
(b) Opening of semi-lunar valves
(c) Closure of semi-lunar valves
(d) Opening of atrio-ventricular valves
Answer:
(c) Closure of semi-lunar values
Question 10.
Why is the velocity of blood flow the lowest in the capillaries?
(a) The systemic capillaries are supplied by the left ventricle, which has a lower cardiac output than the right ventricle.
(b) Capillaries are far from the heart, and blood flow slows as distance from the heart increases.
(c) The total surface area of the capillaries is larger than the total surface area of the arterioles.
(d) The capillary walls are not thin enough to- allow oxygen to exchange with the cells.
(e) The diastolic blood pressure is too low to deliver blood to the capillaries at a high flow rate.
Answer:
(c) The total surface area of the capillaries is larger than the total surface area of the arterioles.
Question 11.
An unconscious patient is rushed into the emergency room and needs a fast blood transfusion. Because there is no time to check her medical history or determine her blood type, which type of blood should you as her doctor, give her?
(a) $\mathrm{A}^{+}$
(b) $A B$
(c) $\mathrm{O}$
(d) $\mathrm{O}^{-}$
Answer:
(c) $\mathrm{O}^{+}$
Question 12.
Which of these functions could or could not be carried out by a red blood cell?
(a) Protein synthesis
(b) Cell division
(c) Lipid synthesis
(d) Active transport
Answer:
(a) Protein synthesis: RBCs do not have ribosomes which are important for protein synthesis, They are concerned with transport of respiratory gases alone. Hence protein synthesis could not take place in RBCs.
(b) Cells division: RBCs do not have numbers. They are produced in the bone marrow. They do not involve in cell division.
(c) Lipid Synthesis: Lipid synthesis occurs in endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and golgi complex. The ER is absent in RBCs. Hence lipid synthesis does not take place in RBCs.
(d) Active transport: Transport of respiratory gases between the alveoli to the blood vessels, blood vessel to the cells and vice versa take place due to difference in the partial pressure of $\mathrm{O}_2$ and $\mathrm{CO}_2$, Active transport of materials against concentration gradient does not take place in RBCs.
Question 13.
At the venous end of the capillary bed, the osmotic pressure is

(a) Greater than the hydrostatic pressure
(b) Result in net outflow of fluids
(c) Results in net absorption of fluids
(d) No change occurs
Answer:
(a) Greater than the hydrostatic pressure
Question 14.
A patient's chart reveals that he has a cardiac output of $7500 \mathrm{~mL}$ per minute and a stroke volume of $50 \mathrm{~mL}$. What is his pulse rate (in beats / min)
(a) 50
(b) 100
(c) 150
(d) 400
Answer:
(c) 150
Question 15.
At any given time there is more blood in the venous system than that of the arterial system. Which of the following features of the veins allows this?
(a) relative lack of smooth muscles
(b) presence of valves
(c) proximity of the veins to lymphatic's
(d) thin endothelial lining
Answer:
(a) relative lack of smooth muscles
II. Short Answer Questions
Question 16
Distinguish between arteries and veins?
Answer:

Question 17.
Distinguish between open and closed circulation?
Answer:

Question 18.
Distinguish between mitral valve and semi lunar valve?
Answer:

Question 19.
Right ventricular wall is thinner than the left ventricular wall. Why?
Answer:
The right ventricle pumps deoxygenated blood, to the lungs through pulmonary artery. The left ventricle pumps the oxygenated blood to all parts of the body through the aorta. Hence, left ventricle has to exert more pressure. Hence right ventricular wall is thinner but the left ventricular walls is thicker.
Question 20.
What might be the effect on a person whose diet has less iron content?
Answer:
A person whose diet has less iron content will become anaemic. The haemoglobin content of the blood will be less. The volume of oxygen carried by RBCs gets reduced. He/she may experience tiredness, weakness, fatigue etc. In order to overcome this deficiency one has to take iron rich diet.
Question 21.
Describe the mechanism by which the human heart beat is initiated and controlled?
Answer:
The rhythmic contraction and expansion of heart is called heart beat. The contraction of the heart is called systole and the relaxation of the heart is called diastole. The human heart is myogenic. The pacemaker cells are located in the right sinoatrial (SA) node.

On the left side of the right atrium, there is a mode called auriculo ventricular node (AV). Two special cardiac muscle fibres which originate from the AV node are called the bundle of His. It runs down into the interventricular spectrum and the fibres spread into the ventricle as the Purkinje fibres.

The pacemaker cells produce excitation through depolarization of their cell membrane. Early depolarization is slow and takes place by sodium influx and reduction in potassium efflux. Minimum potential is required to activate voltage gated calcium $\left(\mathrm{Ca}^{+}\right)$channels that cause rapid depolarization which results in action potential. The pace maker cells repolarise slowly via $\mathrm{K}+$ efflux.

Question 22.
What is lymph? Write its function?
Answer:
About $90 \%$ of fluid that leaks from capillaries eventually seeps back into the capillaries and the remaining $10 \%$ is collected and returned to blood system by me of a series of tubules known as lymph vessels or lymphatics.

The fluid inside the lymphatics is called lymph. The lymphatic system consists of a complex network of thin walled ducts (lymphatic vessels), filtering bodies (lymph nodes) and a large number of lymphocytic cell concentrations in various lymphoid organism.
The lymphatic vessels have smooth walls that run parallel to the blood vessels, in the skin, along the respiratory and digestive tracts. These vessels serve as return ducts for the fluids that are continually diffusing out of the blood capillaries into the body tissues.
Lymph fluid must pass through the lymph nodes before it is returned to the blood. The lymph nodes that filter the fluid from the lymphatic vessels of the skin are highly concentrated in the neck, inguinal, axillaries, respiratory and digestive tracts.
The lymph fluid flowing out of the lymph nodes flow into large collecting duct which finally drains into larger veins that runs beneath the collar bone, the subclavian vein and is emptied into the blood stream. The narrow passages in the lymph nodes are the sinusoids that are lined with macrophages.
The lymph nodes successfully prevent the invading microorganisms from reaching the blood stream. Cells found in the lymphatics are the lymphocytes. Lymphocytes collected in the lymphatic fluid are carried via the arterial blood and are recycled back to the lymph. Fats are absorbed through lymph in the lacteals present in the villi of the intestinal wall.
Question 23.
What are the heart sounds? When and how are these sounds produced?
Answer:
Rhythmic contraction and expansion of heart is called heart beat. The 

contraction of the heart is called systole and the relaxation of the heart is called diastole. The heart normally beats $70-72$ times per minute in a human adult. During each cardiac cycle two sounds are produced that can be heard through a stethoscope.

The first heart sound (lub) is associated with the closure of the tricuspid and bicuspid valves whereas Second heart sound (dub) is associated with the closure of the semilunar valves. These sounds are of clinical diagnostic significance. An increased heart rate is called tachycardia and decreased heart rate is called bradycardia.
Question 24.
Select the correct biological term. Lymphocytes, red cells, leucocytes, plasma, erythrocytes, white cells, haemoglobin, phagocyte, platelets, blood clot?
Question (a)
Disc shaped cells which are concave on both sides?
Answer:
Red blood cells
Question (b)
Most of these have a large, bilobed nucleus?
Answer:
Leucocytes
Question (c)
Enable red cells to transport blood?
Answer:
Haemoglobin
Question (d)
The liquid part of the blood?
Answer:
plasma
Question (e)
Most of them move and change shape like an amoeba?

Answer:
phagocyte
Question (f)
Consists of water and important dissolved substances?
Answer:
plasma
Question (g)
Destroyed in the liver and spleen after circulating in the blood for four months?
Answer:
RBCs
Question (h)
The substances which gives red colour to their cells?
Answer:
haemoglobin
Question (i)
Another name for red blood cells?
Answer:
Erythrocytes
Question (j)
Blood that has been changed to a jelly?
Answer:
Blood clot
Question (k)
A word that me cell eater?
Answer:
Phagocyte
Question (I)
Cells without nucleus?

Answer:
Red blood cells
Question (m)
White cells made in the lymphatic tissue?
Answer:
Lymphocytes
Question (n)
Blocks wound and prevent excessive bleeding?
Answer:
Platelets
Question (o)
Fragment of cells which are made in the bone marrow?
Answer:
Erythrocytes
Question (p)
Another name for white blood cells?
Answer:
Leucocytes
Question (q)
Slowly releases oxygen to blood cells?
Answer:
Red cells
Question (r)
Their function is to help blood clot in wounds?
Answer:
Platelets
Question 25.
Select the correct biological term?
Answer:
Cardiac muscle, atria, tricuspid valve, systole, auricles, arteries, diastole, ventricles, bicuspid valve, pulmonary artery, cardiac cycle, semi lunar valve, veins, pulmonary vein, capillaries, vena cava, aorta?
Question (a)
The main artery of the blood?
Answer:
Aorta
Question (b)
Valves between the left atrium and ventricle?
Answer:
Bicuspid valve
Question (c)
Technical name for relaxation of the heart?
Answer:
Diastole
Question (d)
Another name for atria?
Answer:
Arteries
Question (e)
The main vein?
Answer:
Vena cava
Question (f)
Vessels which carry blood away from the heart?
Answer:
Arteries
Question (g)
Two names for the upper chambers of the heart?
Answer:
Atria

Question (h)
Thick walled chambers of the heart?
Answer:
Atria
Question (i)
Carries blood from the heart to the lungs?
Answer:
Pulmonary Artery
Question (j)
Takes about $0.8 \mathrm{sec}$ to complete?
Answer:
Cardiac cycle
Question (k)
Valves situated at the point where blood flows out of the heart?
Answer:
Semilunar values
Question (l)
Vessels which carry blood towards the heart?
Answer:
Veins
Question (m)
Carries blood from the lungs to the heart?
Answer:
Pulmonary veins
Question ( $n$ )
The two lower chambers of the heart?
Answer:
Ventricles
Question (o)
Prevent blood from re-entering the ventricles after entering the aorta?

Answer:
Semilunar valves
Question (p)
Technical name for one heart beat?
Answer:
Cardiac cycle
Question (q)
Valves between right atrium and ventricles?
Answer:
Tricuspid valve
Question (r)
Technical name for contraction of the heart?
Answer:
Systole
Question (s)
Very narrow blood vessels?
Answer:
Capillaries
Question 26.
Name and label the given diagram to show $A, B, C, D, E, F$, and $G$ ?
(A) Aorta
(B) Pulmonary trunk
(C) Left pulmonary veins
(D) Blocking the action of vasoconstrictor lowers the blood pressure. Give reasons.
(E) What is the role of $\mathrm{ACH}$ inhibitor in reducing blood pressure?
(F) What conditions one might expect if the blood pressure is not controlled?
Answer:
(A) Aortic arch
(B) Left pulmonary artery
(C) Left pulmonary veins
(D) Pulmonary trunk

(E) Left ventricle
(F) Right ventricle
(G) Inferior vena cava