Text Book Back Questions and Answers - Chapter 9 Locomotion and Movement 11th Biology Zoology Guide Samacheer Kalvi Solutions - SaraNextGen [2024-2025]

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On April 24, 2024, 11:35 AM

Locomotion and Movement
Text Book Back Questions and Answers
Textbook Evaluation Solved
Question 1.
Muscles are derived from  .................
(a) Ectoderm
(b) Mesoderm
(c) Endoderm
(d) Neuro ectoderm
Answer:
(b) Mesoderm
Question 2.
Muscles are formed by ....................
(a) Myocytes
(b) Leucocytes
(c) Osteocytes
(d) Lymphocytes
Answer:
(a) Myocytes
Question 3.
The muscles attached to the bones are called ................
(a) Skeletal muscle
(b) Cardiac muscle
(c) Involuntary muscle
(d) Smooth muscles
Answer:
(a) Skeletal muscle
Question 4.
Skeletal muscles are attached to the bones by ...............
(a) Tendon

(b) Ligament
(c) Pectin
(d) Fibrin
Answer:
(a) Tendon
Question 5 .
The bundle of muscle fibres is called .............
(a) Myofibrils
(b) Fascicle
(c) Sarcomere
(d) Sarcoplasm
Answer:
(b) Fascicle
Question 6.
The pigment present in the muscle fibre to store oxygen is .................
(a) Myoglobin
(b) Troponin
(c) Myosin
(d) Actin
Answer:
(a) Myoglobin
Question 7.
The functional unit of a muscle fibre is ................
(a) Sarcomere
(b) Sarcoplasm

(c) Myosin
(d) Actin
Answer:
(a) Sarcomere
Question 8.
The protein present in the thick filament is ..................
(a) Myosin
(b) Actin
(c) Pectin
(d) Leucin
Answer:
(a) Myosin
Question 9.
The protein present in the thin filament is .................
(a) Myosin
(b) Actin
(c) Pectin
(d) Leucin
Answer:
(b) Actin
Question 10.
The region between two successive Z-discs is called a. ................
(a) Sarcomere
(b) Microtubule

(c) Myoglobin
(d) Actin
Answer:
(a) Sarcomere
Question 11.
Each skeletal muscle is covered by ...............
(a) Epimysium
(b) Perimysium
(c) Endomysium
(d) Hypomysium
Answer:
(a) Epimysium
Question 12.
Knee joint is an example of ..............
(a) Saddle joint
(b) Hinge joint
(c) Pivot joint
(d) Gliding joint
Answer:
(b) Hinge joint
Question 13.
Name of the joint present between the atlas and axis is ................
(a) Synovial joint
(b) Pivot joint

(c) Saddle joint
(d) Hinge joint
Answer:
(b) Pivot joint
Question 14.
ATPase enzyme needed for muscle contraction is located in .................
(a) Actinin
(b) Troponin
(c) Myosin
(d) Actin
Answer:
(c) Myosin
Question 15.
Synovial fluid is found in ...............
(a) Ventricles of the brain
(b) Spinal cord
(c) Immovable joint
(d) Freely movable joints
Answer:
(d) Freely movable joints
Question 16.
Inflammation of joints due to accumulation of uric acid crystals is called as ..............
(a) Gout

(b) Myasthenia gravis
(c) Dsteoporosis
(d) Osteomalacia
Answer:
(a) Gout
Question 17.
Acetabulum is located in ...............
(a) Collar bone
(b) Hip bone
(c) Shoulder bone
(d) Thigh bone
Answer:
(b) Hip bone
Question 18.
Appendicular skeleton is .........................
(a) Girdles and their limbs
(b) Vertebrae
(c) Skull and vertebral column
(d) Ribs and sternum
Answer:
(a) Girdles and their limbs
Question 19.
The type of movement exhibited by the macrophages are .....................
(a) Flagellar 
(b) Ciliary
(c) Muscular
(d) Amoeboid
Answer:
(d) Amoeboid
Question 20.
The pointed portion of the elbow is ..................
(a) Acromion process

(b) Glenoid cavity
(c) Olecranon process
(d) Symphysis
Answer:
(c) Olecranon process
Question 21.
Name the different types of movement?
Answer:
1. Amoeboid movement
2. Ciliary movement
3. Flagellar movement
4. Muscular movement
Question 22.
Name the filaments present in the sarcomere?
Answer:
Thick and thin filaments are the two types of filaments present inside the sarcomere.
Question 23.
Name the contractile proteins present in the skeletal muscle?
Answer:
Actin and myosin are contractile proteins present in the skeletal muscle.
Question 24.
When describing a skeletal muscle, what does "striated" mean?
Answer:
Each skeletal muscle fibre has a repeated series of dark and light bands. The dark A-bands and light I-bands give a striated appearance to the muscle.
Question 25.
How does an isotonic contraction take place?
Answer:
In isotonic contraction the length of the muscle changes but the tension remains constant. The force produced is unchanged, e.g., lifting dumbbells and weight lifting.
Question 26.
How does an isometric contraction take place?
Answer:
In isometric contraction the length of the muscle does not change but the tension of the muscle changes. The force produced is changed, e.g., pushing against a wall, holding a heavy bag.
Question 27.
Name the bones of the skull?
Answer:
The skull is composed of two sets of bones - cranial and facial bones. It consists of 22 bones of which 8 are cranial bones and 14 are facial bones.
Question 28.
Which is the only jointless bone in human body?
Answer:
Hyoid bone.
Question 29.
List the three main parts of the axial skeleton?
Answer:
The skull, the vertebral column and the ribcage are the three main parts of the axial skeleton.
Question 30.
How is tetany caused?
Answer:
Tetany is caused when rapid muscle spasms occur in the muscles due to deficiency of parathyroid hormone resulting in reduced calcium levels in the body.
Question 31.
How does rigor mortis happen?
Answer:

After the death of an individual, the membrane of muscle cells become more permeable to calcium ions. This happens due to partial contraction of skeletal muscles. The contracted muscles are unable to relax. This condition is known as rigor mortis.
Question 32.
What are the different types of rib bones that form the rib cage?
Answer:
Thoracic vertebrae ribs and sternum together constitute the ribcage.
Question 33.
What are the bones that make the pelvic girdle?
Answer:
Ilium, ischium and pubis make the pelvic girdle.
Question 34.
List the disorders of the muscular system?
Answer:
1. Myasthenia gravis
2. Tetany
3. Muscle fatigue
4. Atrophy
5. Muscle pull
6. Muscular dystrophy
Question 35.
Explain the sliding- filament theory of muscle contraction?
Answer:
Andrew F.Huxley and Rolf Niedergerke proposed the sliding filament theory to explain muscle contraction. According to this theory, overlapping actin and myosin filaments of fixed length slide past one another in an energy requiring process, resulting in muscle contraction.
Question 36.
What are the benefits of regular exercise?
Answer:

1. The benefits of regular exercise are:
2. The muscles used in exercise grow larger and stronger.
3. The resting heart rate goes down.
4. More enzymes are synthesized in the muscle fibre.
5. Ligaments and tendons become stronger.
6. Joints become more flexible.
7. Protection from heart attack.
8. Influences hormonal activity.
9. Improves cognitive functions.
10.Prevents obesity.
11.Promotes confidence, esteem.
12.Aesthetically better with good physique.
13.Over all well-being with good quality of life.
14.Prevents depression, stress and anxiety.
In-Text Questions Solved
Question 1.
Which myofilament has the binding sites for calcium? Name the specific molecule that binds with calcium?
Answer:
Actin filament has the binding sites for calcium. Troponin binds to calcium on thin filaments.
Question 2.
All muscles produce movement, but only skeletal muscle is responsible for locomotion. What is meant by this statement?
Answer:
All the muscles, skeletal, smooth and cardiac, produce movement. Smooth muscles control the activities of internal organs like intestine, stomach, lungs, bladder etc. and their actions are involuntary. Cardiac muscles help in the functioning of heart. But only skeletal muscles are responsible for locomotion.
Locomotion is effected by both bones and muscles attached to the bones and takes place by the coordination between muscular contraction and relaxation and skeletal system. Moreover, the functioning of those skeletal muscles is voluntary.
Question 3.
The pelvic girdle is a heavy, strong girdle. How does its structure reflect its function?
Answer:
The pelvic girdle is a heavy structure specialized for weight bearing. This feature enables it to connect the trunk and the legs, support and balance the trunk, and contain and supports the intestines, the urinary bladder, and the internal sex organs.
Question 4.
An exhausted student was attending a lecture. After 30 minutes or so, he lost interest and he let go with a tremendous yawn. To his great distress he couldn't close his mouth -his lower jaw was locked open. What do you think would have caused it?
Answer:
When he opened his mouth very wide, the mandibular condyle might have slid forward to the point that the joint might have got dislocated.