Text Book Back Questions and Answers - Chapter 10 Economically Useful Plants and Entrepreneurial Botany 12th Biology Botany Guide Samacheer Kalvi Solutions - SaraNextGen [2024-2025]

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On April 24, 2024, 11:35 AM

Economically Useful Plants and Entrepreneurial Botany
Text Book Back Questions and Answers
Question 1.
Consider the following statements and choose the right option:
(i) Cereals are members of grass family.
(ii) Most of the food grains come from monocotyledon.
(a) (i) is correct and (ii) is wrong
(b) Both (i) and (ii) are correct
(c) (i) is wrong and (ii) is correct
(d) Both (i) and (ii) are wrong
Answer:
(b) Both (i) and (ii) are correct
Question 2.
Assertion: Vegetables are important part of healthy eating.
Reason: Vegetables are succulent structures of plants with pleasant aroma and flavours.
(a) Assertion is correct, Reason is wrong
(b) Assertion is wrong, Reason is correct
(c) Both are correct and reason is the correct explanation for assertion.
(d) Both are correct and reason is not the correct explanation for assertion.
Answer:
(d) Both are correct and reason is not the correct explanation for assertion.
Question 3.
Groundnut is native of
(a) Philippines
(b) India
(c) North America
(d) Brazil
Answer:
(d) Brazil
Question 4.
Statement A: Coffee contains caffeine.
Statement B: Drinking coffee enhances cancer.
(a) $A$ is correct, $B$ is wrong
(b) $\mathrm{A}$ and $\mathrm{B}$ - Both are correct
(c) A is wrong, B is correct
(d) $\mathrm{A}$ and $\mathrm{B}-\mathrm{Both}$ are wrong
Answer:

(a) $A$ is correct, $B$ is wrong

Question 5.
Tectona grandis is coming under family
(a) Lamiaceae
(b) Fabaceae
(c) Dipterocaipaceae
(d) Ebenaceae
Answer:
(a) Lamiaceae
Question 6.
Tamarindus indica is indigenous to
(a) Tropical African region
(b) South India, Sri Lanka
(c) South America, Greece
(d) India alone
Answer:
(a) Tropical African region
Question 7.
New world species of cotton
(a) Gossipium arboretum
(b) G.herbaceum
(c) Both a and b
(d) G.barbadense
Answer:
(d) G.barbadense
Question 8 .
Assertion: Turmeric fights various kinds of cancer.
Reason: Curcumin is an anti-oxidant present in turmeric.
(a) Assertion is correct, Reason is wrong
(b) Assertion is wrong, Reason is correct
(c) Both are correct
(d) Both are wrong
Answer:
(c) Both are correct
Question 9.
Find out the correctly matched pair:
(a) Rubber Shorea robusta
(b) Dye
(c) Timber Cyperus papyrus
(d) Pulp Hevea brasiliensis
Answer:
(b) Dye

Question 10.
Observe the following statements and pick out the right option from the following:
Statement I - Perfumes are manufactured from essential oils.
Statement II - Essential oils are formed at different parts of the plants.
(a) Statement I is correct
(b) Statement II is correct
(c) Both statements are correct
(d) Both statements are wrong
Answer:
(c) Both statements are correct
Question 11.
Observe the following statements and pick out the right option from the following:
Statement I: The drug sources of Siddha include plants, animal parts, ores and minerals.
Statement II: Minerals are used for preparing drugs with long shelf-life.
(a) Statement I is correct
(b) Statement II is correct
(c) Both statements are correct
(d) Both statements are wrong
Answer:
(c) Both statements are correct
Question 12.
The active principle trans-tetra hydro canabial is present in
(a) Opium
(b) Curcuma
(c) Marijuana
(d) Andrographis
Answer:
(c) Marijuana
Question 13 .
Which one of the following matches is correct?
(a) Palmyra - Native of Brazil
(b) Saccharun - Abundant in Kanyakumari
(c) Steveocide - Natural sweetener
(d) Palmyra sap - Fermented to give ethanol
Answer:
(c) Steveocide - Natural sweetener

Question 14.
The only cereal that has originated and domesticated from the New world.
(a) Oryza sativa
(b) Triticum aestivum
(c) Triticum duram
(d) Zea mays
Answer:
(c) Triticum duram
Question 15 .
Write the cosmetic uses of Aloe.
Answer:
Aloe gel are used as skin tonic. It has a cooling effect and moisturizing characteristics and hence used in preparation of creams, lotions, shampoos, shaving creams, after shave lotions and allied products. It is used in gerontological applications for rejuvenation of aging skin. Products prepared from aloe leaves have multiple properties such as emollient, antibacterial, antioxidant, antifungal and antiseptic. Aloe vera gel is used in skin care cosmetics.
Question 16.
What is pseudo cereal? Give an example.
Answer:
The term pseudo-cereal is used to describe foods that are prepared and eaten as a whole grain, but are botanical outliers from grasses. Example: quinoa. It is actually a seed from the Chenopodium quinoa plant, belongs to the family Amaranthaceae.
Question 17.
Discuss which wood is better for making furniture.
Answer:
Teak wood is the ideal type of wood for making household furnitures because, it is highly durable and shows great resistance against the attack of termites and fungi. Moreover it doesnot split or crack and is a carpenter friendly wood.
Question 18 .
A person got irritation while applying chemical dye. What would be your suggestion for alternative?
Answer:
If a grey haired person is allergic on using chemical dyes then he can go for natural dyes like Henna. Henna is an organic dye obtained from leaves and young shoots of Lawsonia inermis. The principal colouring matter is Tacosone' which is harmless and causes no irritation on skin.
Question 19.
Name the humors that are responsible for the health of human beings.
Answer:
Vatam, Pittam and Kapam.
Question 20.
Give definitions for organic farming?

Answer:
Organic farming is an alternative agricultural system in which plants/crops are cultivated - in natural ways by using biological inputs to maintain soil fertility and ecological balance thereby minimizing pollution and wastage.
Question 21.
Which is called as the "King of Bitters"? Mention their medicinal importance.
Answer:
Andrographis paniculata is called as King of Bitters. Andrographis is a potent hepatoprotective agent and is widely used to treat liver disorders. Concoction of Andrographis paniculata and eight other herbs (Nilavembu Kudineer) is effectively used to treat malaria and dengue.
Question 22.
Differentiate bio-medicines and botanical medicines.
Answer:
1. Bio-medicines: Medically useful molecules obtained from plants that are marketed as drugs are called Bio-medicines.
2. Botanical medicines: Parts of medicinal plants which are modified as powers or pills or other forms and marketed. These are called botanical medicines.
Question 23.
Write the origin and area of cultivation of green gram and red gram.
Answer:

Question 24.
What are millets? What are its types? Give example for each type.
Answer:
Millet is the term applied to a variety of very small seeds originally cultivated by ancient people in Africa and Asia. They are gluten-free with less glycemic index.
Types of millet:
1. Major millets - E.g: Ragi (Eleusine coracana)
2. Minor millets - E.g: Foxtail millet (Setaria italica)
Question 25.
If a person drinks a cup of coffee daily it will help him for his health. Is this correct? If it is correct, list out the benefits.
Answer:
Yes, drinking coffee in moderation enhances the health of a person. Caffeine enhances release of acetylcholine in brain, which in turn enhances efficiency. It can lower the incidence of fatty liver diseases, cirrhosis and cancer. It may reduce the risk of type 2 diabetes.
Question 26.
Enumerate the uses of turmeric.
Answer:
Turmeric is one of the most important and ancient Indian spices and used traditionally over thousands of years for culinary, cosmetic, dyeing and for medicinal purposes. It is an important constituent of curry powders. Turmeric is used as a colouring agent in pharmacy, confectionery and food industry. Rice
coloured with turmeric (yellow) is considered sacred and auspicious which is used in ceremonies. It is also used for dyeing leather, fibre, paper and toys.

Curcumin extracted from turmeric is responsible for the yellow colour. Curcumin is a very good antioxidant which may help fight various kinds of cancer. It has anti-inflammatory, anti- ' diabetic, antibacterial, anti-fungal and anti-viral activities. It stops platelets from clotting in arteries, which leads to heart attack.
Question 27.
What is TSM? How does it classified and what does it focuses on?
Answer:
TSM stands for Traditional Systems of Medicines India has a rich medicinal heritage. Anumber of Traditional Systems of Medicine (TSM) are practiced in India some of which come from outside India. TSM in India can be broadly classified into institutionalized or documented and non-institutionalized or oral traditions. Institutionalized Indian systems include Siddha and Ayurveda which are practiced for about two thousand years.
These systems have prescribed texts in which the symptoms, disease diagnosis, drugs to cure, preparation of drugs, dosage and diet regimes, daily and seasonal regimens. Non-institutional systems, whereas, do not have such records and or practiced by rural and tribal peoples across India. The knowledge is mostly held in oral form. The TSM focus on healthy lifestyle and healthy diet for maintaining good health and disease reversal.
Question 28.
Write the uses of nuts you have studied.
Answer:
Cashews are commonly used for garnishing sweets or curries, or ground into a paste that forms a base of sauces for curries or some sweets. Roasted and raw kernels are used as snacks.
Question 29.
Give an account on the role of Jasminum in perfuming.
Answer:
The essential jasmine oil is present in the epidermal cells of the inner and outer surfaces of both the sepals and petals. One ton of Jasmine blossom yields about 2.5 to $3 \mathrm{~kg}$ of essential oil, comprising 0.25 to $3 \%$ of the weight of the fresh flower. Jasmine oil is an essential oil that is valued for its soothing, relaxing and antidepressant qualities.
Question 30.
Give an account of active principle and medicinal values of any two plants you have studied
Answer:

Question 31 .
Write the economic importance of rice.
Answer:
Rice is the easily digestible calorie rich cereal food which is used as a staple food in Southern and North East India. Various rice products such as Flaked rice (Aval), Puffed rice / parched rice (Pori) are used as breakfast cereal or as snack food in different parts of India. Rice bran oil obtained from the rice bran is used in culinary and industrial purposes. Husks are used as fuel, and in the manufacture of packing material and fertilizer.
Question 32.
Which TSM is widely practiced and culturally accepted in Tamil Nadu? - explain.
Answer:
Siddha is the most popular, widely practiced and culturally accepted system in Tamil Nadu. It is based on the texts written by 18 Siddhars. There are different opinions on the constitution of 18 Siddhars. The Siddhars are not only from Tamil Nadu, but have also come from other countries. The entire knowledge is documented in the form of poems in Tamil. Siddha is principally based on the Pancabuta philosophy. According to this system three humors namely Vatam, Pittam and Kapam that are responsible for the health of human beings and " any disturbance in the equilibrium of these humors result in ill health.
The drug sources of Siddha include plants, animal parts, marine products and minerals. This system specializes in using minerals for preparing drugs with the long shelf-life. This system uses about 800 herbs as source of drugs. Great stress is laid on disease prevention, health promotion, rejuvenation and cure.
Question 33.
What are psychoactive drugs? Add a note Marijuana and Opium.
Answer:
Phytochemicals or drugs from some of the plants alter an individuals perceptions of mind by producing hallucination are known as psychoactive drugs.
1. Marijuana: Marijuana is obtained from Cannabis sativa. The active principle in Marijuana is trans tetrahydrocanabinal $(\mathrm{TCH})$. It is used as pain killer and reduce hypertension. It is also used in the treatment of Glaucoma, cancer radiotherapy and asthma, etc.
2. Opium: Opium is obtained from the exudates of the fruits of papaver somniferum (poppy plants). It is used to induce sleep and relieve pain. Opium yields morphine which is used as a strong analgesic in surgeries.
Question 34 .
What are the King and Queen of spices? Explain about them and their uses.
Answer:

1. King of Spices: Pepper is one of the most important Indian spices referred to as the "King of Spices" and also termed as "Black Gold of India". Kerala, Karnataka and Tamil Nadu are the top producers in India. The characteristic pungency of the pepper is due to the presence of alkaloid Pipeline. There are two types of pepper available in the market namely black and white pepper.
2. Uses: It is used for flavouring in the preparation of sauces, soups, curry powder and pickles. It is used in medicine as an aromatic stimulant for enhancing salivary and gastric secretions and also as a stomachic. Pepper also enhances the bio-absorption of medicines.
3. Queen of Spices: Cardamom is called as "Queen of Spices". In India, it is one of the main cash crops cultivated in the Western Ghats, and North Eastern India.
4. Uses: The seeds have a pleasing aroma and a characteristic warm, slightly pungent taste. It is used for flavouring confectionaries, bakery products and beverages. The seeds are used in the preparation of curry powder, pickles and cakes. Medicinally, it is employed as a stimulant and carminative. It is also chewed as a mouth freshener.
Question 35.
How will you prepare an organic pesticide for your home garden with the vegetables available from your kitchen?
Answer:
Step 1: Mix $120 \mathrm{~g}$ of hot chillies with $110 \mathrm{~g}$ of garlic or onion. Chop them thoroughly.
Step 2: Blend the vegetables together manually or using an electric grinder until it forms a thick paste.
Step 3: Add the vegetable paste to $500 \mathrm{ml}$ of warm water. Give the ingredients a stir to thoroughly mix them together.
Step 4: Pour the solution into a glass container and leave it undisturbed for 24 hours. If possible, keep the container in a sunny location. If not, at least keep the mixture in a warm place.
Step 5: Strain the mixture. Pom- the solution through a strainer, remove the vegetables and collect the vegetable-infused water and pour into another container. This filtrate is the pesticide. Either discard the vegetables or use it as a compost.

Step 6: Pour the pesticide into a squirt bottle. Make sure that the spray bottle has first been cleaned with warm water and soap to get rid it of any potential contaminants. Use a funnel to transfer the liquid into the squirt bottle and replace the nozzle.

Step 7: Spray your plants with the pesticide. Treat the infected plants every 4 to 5 days with the solution. After 3 or 4 treatments, the pest will be eliminated. If the area is thoroughly covered with the solution, this pesticide should keep bugs away for the rest of the season.