Chapter 4 - Sir Isaac Newton – The Ingenious Scientist - 8th English Term 2 Guide Samacheer Kalvi Solutions - Chapter 4 Sir Isaac Newton–The Ingenious Scientist 8th English Term 2 Guide Samacheer Kalvi Solutions - SaraNextGen [2024-2025]

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Samacheer Kalvi 8th English Solutions Chapter 4 - Sir Isaac Newton – The Ingenious Scientist - Text Book Back Questions and Answers 

Read and Understand
A. Choose the correct antonym for the italicized word.
Question 1.
His Grandmother was very kind to him.
(a) affectionate
(b) loving
(c) disrespectful
(d) cruel
Answer:
(d) cruel
Question 2.
The boy seemed to have a taste for mathematics.
(a) delicious
(b) sweet
(c) distaste
(d) against
Answer:
(c) distaste
Question 3.
Isaac possessed a wonderful faculty of acquiring knowledge.
(a) owned
(b) controlled
(c) lacks
(d) have
Answer:
(c) lacks
Question 4.
He was observed to be usually busy with his tools.
(a) Common
(b) rarely
(c) unwantedly
(d) usually
Answer:
(b) rarely
B. Answer the following questions in a sentence or two.
Question 1.
Who was taking care of Newton after his father’s death?
Answer:
His grandmother was taking care of Newton after his father’s death.
Question 2.
What did Isaac manufacture at his young age?
Answer:
Isaac manufactured a set of little tools and saws of various sizes.
Question 3.
How did the young boy find the strength of the wind?
Answer:
The young boy found the strength of the wind by first jumping against the wind.
According to the length of his jump, he could calculate the force of a gentle breeze, a
brisk gale or a tempest.
Question 4.
Why were his friends attracted by the windmill?
Answer:
His friends were attracted by the windmill because they thought that they had not seen
anything so pretty and wonderful in the whole world.
Question 5.
How was he honoured by the king?
Answer:
Newton was made a Member of the Parliament and received the honour of knighthood
from the king.
C. Answer the following in about 100 words.
Question 1.
Why did some of Newton’s friends advice his grand mother to apprentice him to a clock
maker?
Answer:
In his early years, Newton was chiefly remarkable in his ability to invent things. He had
manufactured a set of little tools and saws of various sizes. With the help of these
things, he invented curious articles, at which he worked with so much skill. His friends
and neighbours admired at the things manufactured by him. Some of his friends
advised his grandmother to apprentice him to a clock maker because, besides his
mechanical skill, Newton seemed to have a taste for mathematics, which would be very
useful to him in that profession. After sometimes he could set up one for himself.
Question 2.
How did Newton learn about the way a windmill operated?
Answer:
Newton frequently went to the windmill that operated on a new plan. He spent hours in
examining the various parts of the windmill. When the mill was not working, he
examined its internal machinery. When the windmill’s broad sails were in motion by the
wind, Newton examined the process by which the mill-stones revolved and crushed the
grains, put into its hopper. Thus Newton gained a thorough knowledge of the
construction and operation of the windmill.
Question 3.
Mention some of Newton’s inventions.
Answer:
Sir Isaac Newton is best known for his laws of motion. In mathematics, his inventions
included laying the groundwork for differential and integral calculus. His inventions in
mechanics and gravitation were summarised in ‘The Principia’.
The reflecting telescope and Binomial Theorem were also some of his best inventions.
He was the first to find out the nature of light. He invented the reflecting telescope
which was used to view and map out the orbits of the planets. He also used his theory
of gravity to calculate the elliptical orbits of planets around the sun accurately.
Vocabulary
Homonyms
Two or more having the same spelling but different meanings and origins

Write a sentence of your own for each homonyms.
Question 1.
(a) Bright – very smart or intelligent
Answer:
He was a bright student
(b) Bright – filled with light
Answer:
The hall was bright with colourful lights
Question 2.
(a) Express – something done fast
Answer:
Please send it by express mail.
(b) Express – convey
Answer:
She expressed her sorrow to her friends
Question 3.
(a) Kind – type
Answer:
Please show us this kind of material.
(b) Kind – caring
Answer:
Her teacher was kind to her.
Question 4.
(a) Well – in good health
Answer:
I did surprisingly well in my history test.
(b) Well – water
Answer:
There is a big well at back of this building.
Phrasal Verbs
A phrase that consists of a verb with a preposition or adverb or both, the meaning of which is different from the meaning of its separate parts :

“Catch on” is a phrasal verb which means to understand

Write the meaning for the phrasal verbs.
1. look into
2. give up
3. put off
4. get on
5. take off
Answers:
1. to examine
2. surrender
3. postpone
4. manage
5. depart
Use the following phrasal verbs in your own sentence.
1. put up with : I can’t put up with it any longer.
2. keep on : Keep on going and never give up.
3. look after : She looked after her old grandmother.
4. take over : Who will take over the leadership of the club?
5. go through : I apologize for what you had to go through.
Listening
Listen to the passage carefully and write the answer:
Fleming’s thought at breakfast
Sir Alexander Fleming, who discovered penicillin, was once forced into an interview in
New York by two journalists just as he was about to have breakfast. One of them asked
him, ‘Sir, what are you thinking about right now? We wish to know what a great scientist
think while getting ready for breakfast’.
Fleming mused a while on the question and he replied, ‘I am thinking of something very
special.’ The journalist, who were all ears, drew themselves forward. ‘I am thinking,
whether to have one egg or two’.
Question 1.
Name the scientist.
Answer:
Alexander Fleming.
Question 2.
What did he discover?
Answer:
He discovered Penicillin
Question 3.
Who approached the scientist?
Answer:
Two journalists approached the scientist.
Question 4.
What was the question asked by the journalist?
Answer:
The journalist asked what Alexander Fleming was thinking then while getting ready for
breakfast.
Question 5.
When did they meet the scientist?
Answer:
They met the scientist when he was about to have his breakfast.
Speaking
The intelligence of animals was being discussed in the court of king Krishna devaraya.
“Cats are most intelligent,” said one minister. Others in the court agreed with the minister. They started describing how clever their own cats were. Each one claimed his own cat was the smartest. The king wanted to hold a competition for cats. “The cat that does something which no other cat can do will be declared the winner,” announced the king.
The following week, the courtiers came with their cats. Raman of Tenali also brought his cat to the court. The king wanted to give a treat to the cats first. Milk was served to the cats in golden plates.
The moment they saw the milk, all cats rushed towards it. Only one cat ran in the opposite direction— away from the milk. The king was surprised to see this strange behavior. Raman said with a smile, “Maharaj, all cats ran towards milk. My cat ran away from milk. My cat has done what no other cat has done.” Krishnadevaraya agreed and declared Raman’s cat as the winner.
When Raman came to collect the prize, the king asked him how he trained his cat to do what no other cat could do. Raman smiled. “I wanted to make sure that my cat gets the best milk. So, I boiled the milk and poured it in a plate to cool it. The moment he saw milk, my cat came running to lick it up. Before I could stop him, he had the first lick and burnt his tongue. Since that day, whenever he sees milk in a plate he runs away.” The  king and Raman had a hearty laugh.
Join in any group. Pick and support or oppose any one of the characters. Say some sentences for the oneybu suppdrt and say some sentences against the other one, to win.
Answer:
Tenali Raman:
King Krishnadevaraya’s minister Tenali Raman. He is generally known for his wit and humour. He manages to outwit everybody. He cleverly manages to win the competition for cats. The explanation he gives for his victory is witty and apt. He had an answer to any question thrown at him. His way of solving the problems faced by the king is amazing.
King Krishnadevaraya:
He has a well-organised administration system. He is the most feared and perfect king.   But I would like to oppose his deeds in his court. Instead of spending his time for the welfare of his subjects, he has held a competition for cats to decide that the cats are the most intelligent animals. So I strongly oppose his act.
Writing
E-mail
Write a formal email to the young scientist Mr Sundar Pitchai CEO, Google requesting
him for an appointment to interview .him.
Answer:
To: sundarpitchaiceo@gmail.com
Subject: An appointment for an interview.
Dear sir,
I am working in the news channel NDTV. I would like you to spare your precious time for
us. We would like to interview you. We would be happy to know all about you and your
achievements in Google. If you could give us an appointment to interview you, we would
be extremely happy. Kindly let us know your acceptance date and timings for this
interview.
Thank you,
Regards,
Ganesh Malhotra.
Grammar
Conjunctions
1. Fill in the blanks in the following sentences with suitable conjunctions from the box:
If, after, unless, until, and, till, although, so, because, but.
1. I returned home the bus had started.
2. I respect him he is very strict.
3. Sudharshan will succeed he works hard.
4. Aravinth Arun are classmates from their childhood.
5. You can’t have your fruits you take your food.
Answers:
1. after
2. although
3. because
4. and
5. unless
2. Choose the correct conjunctions from the options given in the brackets.
1. Everyone likes him _______ he is very helpful, (because/for)
2. _______ it was cloudy, we decided to take an umbrella, (so/as)
3. Rathi found her watch _______ she left it. (wherever/where)
4. I don’t know _______ I can afford to buy a new dress, (whether/why)
5. _______ he was ill, he went to the doctor, (as / though)
Answers:
1. because
2. so
3. where
4. whether
5. as
3. Underline the conjunctions in the following sentences.
Question 1.
Revathy and Rohini are friends.
Answer:
Revathy and Rohini are friends.
Question 2.
If you say so, I will believe it.
Answer:
If you say so, I will believe it.
Question 3.
Shekar is intelligent but careless.
Answer:
Shekar is intelligent but careless.
Question 4.
The bus was overcrowded so Arun avoided travelling in it.
Answer:
The bus was overcrowded so Arun avoided travelling in it.
Question 5.
Though Vinay is ill, he doesn’t skip the class.
Answer:
Though Vinay is ill, he doesn’t skip the class.
Additional Questions
I. Choose the correct Synonyms for the Italicized words :
Question 1.
A ship is seen tossing up and down on the waves.
(a) moving
(b) rotating
(c) spinning
(d) circulating
Answer:
(a) moving
Question 2.
His grandmother was never weary of talking about him.
(a) fresh
(b) energetic
(c) tired
(d) active
Answer:
(c) tired
Question 3.
He could calculate the force of a tempest.
(a) gale
(b) breeze
(c) flood
(d) violent storm
Answer:
(d) violent storm
Question 4.
He looked up with reverential curiosity at the stars.
(a) unconcern
(b) eagerness
(c) disregard
(d) normality
Answer:
(b) eagerness
Question 5.
He might have made the miniature figure of a man.
(a) giant
(b) enormous
(c) very small model
(d) jumbo
Answer:
(c) very small model
Question 6.
He pried into its internal machinery.
(a) ignored
(b) failed
(c) neglected
(d) investigated
Answer:
(d) investigated
II. Choose the correct antonyms for the Italicized words.
Question 1.
Isaac contrived to make many curious articles.
(a) created
(b) uncontrived
(c) invented
(d) planned
Answer:
(b) uncontrived
Question 2.
– or rather Newton ceased to live on earth.
(a) stopped
(b) closed
(c) quit
(d) continued
Answer:
(d) continued
Question 3.
Newton lived to be a very old man, renowned thinker.
(a) unknown
(b) celebrated
(c) notorious
(d) notable
Answer:
(a) unknown
Question 4.
Isaac’s playmates were enchanted with his new windmill.
(a) delighted
(b) spellbound
(c) bored
(d) charmed
Answer:
(c) bored
Question 5.
His mother’s second husband being now dead.
(a) deceased
(b) alive
(c) departed
(d) lifeless
Answer:
(b) alive
Question 6.
He was the first to find out the nature of Light.
(a) primary
(b) second
(c) last
(d) ahead
Answer:
(c) last
III. Choose the right answer (MCQ):
Question 1.
Isaac Newton was born on _______ day, in the year 1642.
(a) New year
(b) Christmas
(c) Republic
(d) Independence
Answer:
(b) Christmas
Question 2.
Isaac seemed to have born with a saw and _______ in his hand.
(a) chisel
(b) nail
(c) hammer
(d) knife
Answer:
(a) chisel
Question 3.
The windmill crushed the grains that was put into the _______
(a) mouth
(b) sails
(c) hopper
(d) box

Answer:
(c) hopper
Question 4.
The windmill’s broad sails were set in motion by the _______
(a) wind
(b) fan
(c) electricity
(d) water
Answer:
(a) wind
Question 5.
Isaac’s playmates were _______ with his new windmill.
(a) fancied
(b) enchanted
(c) admired
(d) bored
Answer:
(b) enchanted
Question 6.
Isaac engaged in Some books of _______ and philosophy.
(a) science
(b) mathematics
(c) accounts
(d) economics
Answer:
(b) mathematics
Question 7.
Isaac’s mind was so bent on becoming a _______
(a) teacher
(b) farmer
(c) scholar
(d) pilot
Answer:
(c) scholar
Question 8.
The story of an _______ falling on his head, led him to discover the force of gravitation.
(a) orange
(b) apple
(c) apricot
(d) coconut
Answer:
(b) apple
Question 9.
Isaac cared little for earthly
(a) fame
(b) riches
(c) positions
(d) degrees
Answer:
(a) fame
IV. Circle the Odd word :
1. Windmill, sun dial (steam engine), water clock
2. (lightening), gentle breeze, brisk gale, tempest
V. Very Short Questions and Answers :
Question 1.
How did Newton create many curious articles?
Answer:
Newton created many curious articles with the help of his little tools and saws of
various sizes.
Question 2.
Which object made by Newton was of a great wonderment to all the people?
Answer:
The water-clock made by Newton was a wonderment to all the people.
Question 3.
How did Newton’s grandmother know the time in shade and in the sunlight?
Answer:
The water-clock told the time in the shade and the sun-dial in the sunlight.
Question 4.
Why did Isaac visit the windmill frequently?
Answer:
Isaac went to the windmill frequently to examine its various parts.
Question 5.
What was the size of the windmill made by Newton?
Answer:
The windmill made by the Isaac was of the size of the box-traps which boys set to catch squirrels. ‘
Question 6

What had Newton forgotten while making the windmill?
Answer:
Newton had forgotten to make a miller for the windmill.
Question 7.
Sir Isaac Newton died in 1727. Express it in another way.
Answer:
Sir Isac Newton ceased to live on earth.
Question 8.
Name another astronomer besides Newton who was gifted with mechanical genius.
Answer:
David Rittenhouse.
VI. Give Short Answers :
Question 1.
What do you know about Newton’s grandmother?
Answer:
Newton’s old grandmother was kind and good to him. She sent him to school and never weary of talking pride words about him. She always believed that Issac would be a capital workman, do well in the world and be a rich man before he died. Grandma lived near a windmill. She used the sun-dial and water-dock made by Newton to know the time.
Question 2.
Describe the clock made by Newton.
Answer:
Newton made a clock which nobody had ever heard of before. It was set going, not by
wheels and weights, like other clocks, but by the dropping of water. It was an object of
wonderment to all the people around.
Question 3.
How did Newton gain a thorough knowledge of the windmill and why?
Answer:
Newton gained thorough knowledge of the windmill by frequently visiting the windmill near his grandma’s house. He spent many hours examining its parts, studied its internal machines, when the windmill was not working. When the sails were moving by the wind,
he observed the process by which the mill-stones were made to revolve and crush the grains that was put into the hopper.
Newton gained a thorough knowledge of the windmill to construct a similar model of the windmill on his own.

Question 4.
Describe the sails of the windmill which Newton made.
Answer:
The little sails of the windmill constructed by Newton were made of linen. They whirled
round very swiftly when the mill was placed before a current of air. Even a little puff of
air was sufficient to set the sails in motion.
Question 5.
What truth does Newton reveal when he speaks about the Miller?
Answer:
Newton reveals that few two-legged fnen are dishonest like the small four legged
animals. Newton did not make a miller for his windmill. He could have made a miniature
figure of a man, but it would not operate the windmill. Hence the author writes that
some human is dishonest.
Question 6.
Why did Newton’s mother send him back to school?
Answer:
After Newton’s stepfather died, his mother made him leave school and assist her in
managing the farm at Woolsthorpe. Newton tried to put his attention on farming but
couldn’t, as his mind was bent on becoming a scholar. So his mother sent him back to
school.
Question 7.
What is the comment of the author Nathaniel Hawthorne about Sir Isaac Newton after
his death?
Answer:
The author Nathaniel Hawthorne says that even after the spirit of Isaac Newton left his
mortal body, it is still searching the endless wisdom and goodness of God and Creator
even more sincerely. He also says that the fame of Isaac would stay forever as , his
name is written in letters of light, formed by the stars in the mid sky.
VII. Answer in detail:
Question 1.
Explain the hard work put by Isaac Newton while he contrived various things?
Answer:
Isaac put great and different ways of hard work. To find the strength of wind, he jumped
against the wind. He often walked to the windmill near his grandmother’s house. He
spent many hours examining, observing, gaining knowledge and unusually busy working
with his tools.
As Isaac grew older, he isolated himself, thought deeply, read books. At right, he looked
at the stars for hours. He never permitted his mind to rest, until he searched all the laws
about the sky, stars and planets. While doing researches on these, he spent night after night in a lofty tower, gazing at the heavenly bodies through the telescope without
sleeping.
Question 2.
What were the queries Isaac had in his mind about the ‘heavenly bodies’?
Answer:
Isaac wondered if the stars were worlds like our own, how great was their distance from
the earth and what was the power that kept the stars in their courses. When the apple
fell on his head, it made him think what made it fall down.
When he had once got hold of this idea, he never permitted his mind to rest until he had
searched and made his findings. He felt he knew very little in comparison to what
remained to be known by him.
Vocabulary – Additional
Homonyms
Write a sentence of your own for each homonyms
Question 1.
(a) park – to leave a vehicle temporarily
Answer:
Don’t park your car near my house.
(b) park – public land for recreation
Answer:
I go the park regularly.
Question 2.
(a) rose – a flower
Answer:
He has a rose garden.
(b) rose – past tense of ‘rise’
Answer:
Sales rose by 30% in the last month.
Question 3.
(a) letter – to write letters on a paper
Answer:
I wrote a letter to my friend.

(b) letter – a written symbol/character
Answer:
‘A’ is the first letter of alphabet.
Question 4.
(a) nail – the claw of a mammal
Answer:
I have broken my nail.
(b) nail – a pointed piece of a metal
Answer:
I hanged the key on a nail.
Phrasal Verbs
I. Write the meaning for the phrasal verbs:
1. bear with
2. carry out
3. give away
4. put out
5. step down
6. passed away
7. in vain
8. inferior to
9. thirst for
10. endowed with
Answers:
1. tolerate
2. perform
3. distribute
4. extinguish
5. resign
6. died
7. in failure
8. of a lower level
9. yearn
10. naturally to have a particular quality
II. Use the following phrasal verbs in your own sentence:
1. passed away : The old man passed away yesterday.
2. in vain : The attempts of the police to trace the dacoits were in vain.

3. inferior to : Junk foods are inferior to home-made dishes.
4. thirst for : Today’s youth thirst for challenging tasks.
5. endowed with : My grandmother is endowed with a healing touch.
Writing Skills – E-Mail
Last week you were caught in a sudden shower of Rain. Write an e-mail to your friend
describing the experience.
Answer:
E-mail
Date: Monday, 16 March 2019
From: padmini631@gmail.com
Jo: shamini@yahoo.com
Sub: showers of rain
Dear Shamini,
Hi!
Thanks for the lovely birthday gift you gave me. On my return from the movie show and after you left for your home, I got caught in a sudden shower of rain. The sky darkened and the heaven opened and I was caught in a heavy downpour. I have no umbrella or raincoat. I was completely drenched. Luckily, I saw a street vendor nearby selling umbrellas. I hastily bought one. I think I used it just for five minutes. When the rain stopped and the sun started shining, my wet cloth got dried immediately. When I reached home. I looked fresh as I was before the rain.
With Love.
Padmini
Grammar Additional
Conjunctions
A conjunction is a joining word that joins words, groups of words or sentences.
Question 1.
Co-ordinating conjunctions join sentences of equal rank.
Eg: Ravi is singing and Raj is playing the guitar.
Question 2.
Subordinating conjunctions join sentences of unequal rank.
Eg: I rang up my mother because she was not at home.
Question 3.
Correlative conjunctions are used in pairs.
Eg: Produce your hall ticket so that you may write the exam.
I. Join the pair of sentences using – and, but, or.
Question 1.
Our English teacher is fair. Our science teacher is dark.
Answer:
Our Englislyteacher is fair but-our science teacher is dark.
Question 2.
My brother has a motor bike. He has a car, too.
Answer:
My brother has a motor bik& an&a-car.
Question 3.
The cup fell. It did not break.
Answer:
The cup fell but it did not break.
Question 4.
Keep quiet. Go away.
Answer:
Keep quiet or go away.
Question 5.
He is honest. He is hard working.
Answer:
He is honest and hard working.
II. Complete these sentences by adding suitable endings.
1. He is old and _______
2. They were punished because _______
3. Mother telephoned at ten O’clock but _______
4. Finish your homework quickly or _______
5. Give me the keys and _______
6. They returned early because _______
7. Come back soon or _______
8. Neha is clever but _______
Answers:
1. can’t walk fast
2. they were absent
3. I did not pick
4. I will not take you to the fair
5. I will open the door
6. the programme got over soon
7. cancel the order
8. not shrewd
III.
(a) Fill in the blanks with Co-ordinating conjunctions :
1. Eat the cake with a spoon _______ fork, (but, so, or, for)
2. Priya refuses to eat eggs _______ will she touch mutton, (for, nor, so, or)
3. Brinda will be late to school _______ she has a doctor appointment, (but, or, for,’nor)
4. I am a man _______ I don’t wear sari, (so, yet, nor, but)
5. Iam a diabetic _______ I eat sweets often, (or, for, so, yet)
Answers:
1. or
2. nor
3. for
4. so
5. yet
(b) Fill in the blanks with Subordinating conjunctions :
1. ______ you see them, you will recognise them. (Once, For, And, After)
2. Did he inform you ______ he left? (unless, before, once, If)
3. ______ it rain, the school will work (When, Once, Even if, Unless)
4. I met him ______ I was in Delhi, (after, when, because, if)
5. I will never be the same ______ I joined this school, (since, yet, inspite of, if)
Answers:
1. Once
2. before
3. Even if
4. when
5. since
(c) Fill in the blanks with Correlative conjunctions :
1. I will eat sandwich _______ noodles for breakfast, (either, or / neither, nor / such, that)
2. The company deals in _______ hardware _______ software (whether, or / both, and / not only, but also)
3. Prabhu likes _______ cricket _______ hockey (either, or / neither, nor / both, and)
4. I didn’t know _______ you will come _______ not (neither, nor / either, or / whether, or)
5. I can drive a bike a car (neither, nor / either, or / not only, but also)
Answers:
1. either, or
2. both, an
3. neither, nor
4. wheather, or
5. not only, but also
Summary
Section – I
Isaac Newton was born in 1642 in a village in England.
He was brought up by his kind grandmother. During his school days, he was remarkable for his ingenuity. He invented curious articles with his tools. His neighbours and grandmother admired his inventions and believed he would be a capital workman in future.

His friends wanted him to be an apprentice for a clockmaker. Newton was good in mechanical and maths skills. He made curious clocks like the dancing figures, the sailing ship as the pendulum vibrates and the clock that worked by the dropping of water.
Newton also made a sun-dial which is still in his house at Woolsthorpe. He could acquire knowledge in simple ways. Like, to find the strength of the wind, he jumped against the wind and by the length of his jump, he calculated the force of the wind.

Newton frequently went to the new windmill near his house and examined its parts and internal machines for many hours. When the windmill was working, he watched the process by which the mill-stones revolved and crushed the grains. Thus he learnt about the construction of the windmill and he made his own small windmill with available materials like box-traps, linen for sails. When this windmill was placed in the air, even a puff of wind from Newton’s mouth made the windmill work and the handful of grains put into it turned to snow-white flour.
Read and Understand
A. Fill in the blanks.
1. Issac Newton was born at _______
2. Grand mother was advised to apprentice him to a _______
3. Isaac made a clock, by the dropping of _______
4. The sun-dial made by Isaac is still in existence at _______
5. Isaac constructed a model of the _______

Answers:
1. Small village of Woolsthorpe in England
2. clockmaker
3. water
4. woolsthorpe
5. windwill
B. Choose the correct synonyms for the italicized words.
Question 1.
Isaac was chiefly remarkable for his ingenuity.
(a) common
(b) notable
(c) neglected
(d) unknown
Answer:
(b) notable
Question 2.
He will make a capital workman.
(a) wealth
(b) excellent
(c) profitable
(d) head
Answer:
(a) wealth
Question 3.
Nobody could tell what the sunshine was composed of.
(a) made
(b) known
(c) full
(d) felt
Answer:
(a) made
Question 4.
But he cared little for earthly fame and honors.
(a) disrespect
(b) attraction
(c) proud
(d) popularity
Answer:
(d) popularity

Section – II
Isaac Newtons playmates always admired his toys, particularly the windmills. But one of
his friends said that he had forgotten something in the making of the windmill, when
Isaac was sure that it lacked nothing. It lacked a miller.
As Isaac grew older, he started thinking beyond making toys. He isolated himself,
thought deeply, read some book of mathematics or philosophy and at nights he
observed the stars. He asked himself many curious questions about the world of stars,
their distance from earth, their orbits, hold force and so on.

After fourteen years he helped his widow mother, but his mind was bent to become a scholar. So his mother sent him to the University of Cambridge. Isaac was the first to find the nature of Light. When an apple fell on his head, he discovered the force of gravitation. He tracked the orbits of the planets and stars on the sky. When he was doing his researches, he spent all nights on a tower, gazing the heavenly bodies through a telescope. His mind was above this world. He spent most ofhis life in the world that lie millions of miles away.
Sir Isaac Newton died in 1727 when he was 85 years old. He was a Member of Parliament and received the honour of knighthood from the king. But he was not proud of his earthly fame or knowledge. His name is written in letters of light, formed by the stars in mid sky.
Mr. George and Mr. Temple remark that if Isaac had lived longer, he would have found all the other inventions of today too.