Text Book Back Questions and Answers - Chapter 6 Development of Industries in India 8th Social History Guide Samacheer Kalvi Solutions - SaraNextGen [2024-2025]

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Chapter 6 - Development of Industries in India - 8th Social History Guide Samacheer Kalvi Solutions - Text Book Back Questions and Answers

I. Choose the correct answer

Question 1.
Which of the following activities of the people will not come under handy craft?
(a) Carving statues out of stone
(b) Making bangles with glass
(c) Weaving silk sarees
(d) Smelting of iron

Answer:
(d) Smelting of Iron

Question 2.
The oldest industry in India was __________ industry.
(a) Textile
(b) Steel
(c) Electrical
(d) Fertilizers

Answer:
(a) Textile

Question 3.
The woolen and leather factories became prominent in _______
(a) Bombay
(b) Ahmadabad
(c) Kanpur
(d) Decca

Answer:
(c) Kanpur

Question 4.
What was the aim of first Three Five year Plans of India?
(a) To control population growth
(b) To reduce illiteracy rate
(c) To built a strong industrial base
(d) To empower the women

Answer:
(c) To built a strong industrial base

Question 5.
What was not the reason for the decline of Indian Industries?
(a) Loss of royal patronage
(b) Competition of machine made goods
(c) Industrial policy of India
(d) Trading policy of British

Answer:
(c) Industrial policy of India
II. Fill in the Blanks
1. __________  was the integral part in the life of the people.
2. Industrial revolution took place in .............
3. The Assam Tea Company was founded in _____
4. Jute industry was started in the Hoogly Valley at _______ near Calcutta.

5. ______________ shortened the distance between Europe and India.

Answer:
1. Craft
2. 1948
3. 1939
4. Rishra
5. Suez Canal
III. Match the following
1. Tavernier - Drain Theory
2. Dacca-Paper mill
3. Dadabai Naoroji - Artisan
4. Ballygunj-Muslin
5. Smiths - French traveller

Answer:
1. Tavernier - French traveller
2. Dacca-Muslin
3. Dadabai Naoroji - Drain Theory
4. Ballygunj - Paper mill
5. Smiths - Artisan
IV. State True or False
1. India was famous for cotton and silk cloths.
2. The railway was introduced in India by the British.
3. Steel was first manufactured by modem methods at Jamshedpur.
4. The industrial policy of 1948 , brought mixed economy in industrial sector.
5. The tenth and eleventh five year plans witnessed a high growth rate of Agricultural production.

Answer:
1. True
2. True
3. False
4. True
5. False
V. Consider the following statements and tick the appropriate answer:

Question 1.
Which of the following statements are correct?
(i) According to Edward Baines, 'The birth place of cotton manufacture is in England'.
(ii) Before mechanised industry handicrafts was the second largest source of employment in rural India.
(iii) Saurashtra was known for tin industry.
(iv) Construction of Suez Canal made the British goods cheaper in India.
(a) $i$ and ii are correct
(b) ii and iv are correct
(c) iii and iv are correct
(d) i, ii and iii are correct

Answer:
(b) ii and iv are correct

Question 2.
Assertion (A) : Indian handicrafts collapsed under the colonial rule.
Reason (R) : British made India as the producer of raw materials and markets for their finished products.
(a) $\mathrm{A}$ is correct $\mathrm{R}$ is correct explanation of $\mathrm{A}$
(b) $\mathrm{A}$ is correct and $\mathrm{R}$ is not the correct explanation of $\mathrm{A}$
(c) Both $\mathrm{A}$ and $\mathrm{R}$ is correct
(d) Both $\mathrm{A}$ and $\mathrm{R}$ is wrong

Answer:
(c) Both A and R is correct

Question 3.
Which one of the following is wrongly matched?
(a) Bernier - Shajahan
(b) Cotton mill - Ahmedabad
(c) TISCO - Jamshedpur
(d) Economic Liberalisation - 1980

Answer:
(d) Economic Liberalisation - 1980
VI. Answer the following in one or two sentences

Question 1.
What are the traditional handicrafts industries of India?
Answer:
1. The traditional handicrafts industries of India are textiles, woodwork, ivory, stone cutting, leather, fragrance wood, metal work and jewellery.
2. The village artisans such as potters, weavers, smiths produced articles and utensils.

Question 2.
Write about the Drain theory.
Answer:
The Drain theory of Dadabai Naoroji was the first to acknowledge that the poverty of the Indian people was due to the British exploitation of India's resources and the drain of India's wealth to Britain.

Question 3.
Name the inventions which made the production of textiles on large scale?
Answer:
The invention of cotton gin, flying shuttle, spinning jenny and steam engine in England, which made the production of textiles on large scale.

Question 4.
Write a short note on Confederation of Indian Industry.
Answer:

1. The Confederation of Indian Industry is a business association in India.
2. CIT is a non-Govemment, not - for - profit, industry - led and industry - managed organisation.
3. It was founded in 1985 .

Question 5.
What is de - industrialisation?
Answer:
The process of disruption of traditional Indian crafts and decline in national income has been referred to as de - industrialisation.
VII. Answer the following

Question 1.
How was the trading policy of British caused for the decline of the Indian Industries?
Answer:
1. All the policies implemented by the British government in India had a deep impact on India's indigenous industries.
2. Free trade policy followed by the East India Company compelled the Indian traders to sell their goods below the market prices.
3. This forced many craftsmen to abandon their ancestral handicraft talents.
4. East India company's aim was to buy the maximum quantity of Indian manufactured goods at the cheapest price and sell them to other European countries for a huge profit.
5. This affected the traditional Indian industry.
6. The British followed the policy of protective tariffs that was much against the trading interests of India.
7. Heavy duties were charged on Indian goods in Britain, but at the same time, the English goods entering India were charged only nominal duties.

Question 2.
Write in detail about the plantation industries.

Answer:
Plantation industries :

1. The plantation industry was the first to attract the Europeans. This provide jobs on large scale.
2. In reality, it could meet the increasing demands for tea, coffee and indigo by the British Society.
3. The Assam Tea Company was founded in 1839.
4. Coffee plantation also started simultaneously.
5. As the tea plantation was the most important industry of Eastern India, coffee plantation became the center of activities in South India.
6. The Third important plantation, which gave birth to factory was jute.
7. All these Industries were controlled by many former employees of the British East India Company.

Question 3.
Explain Industrial development after 1991 reforms.
Answer:
1. The year 1991 ushered a new era of the economic liberalization.
2. India took major decision to improve the performance of the industrial sector.
3. The Tenth and Eleventh five year plans witnessed a high growth rate of industrial production.
4. The abolition of Industrial licensing, dismantling of price controls, dilution of reservation of small scale industries.
5. Virtual abolition of monopoly law enabled Indian industry to flourish,
6. The new policy welcomes foreign investments.
VII. HOTs

Question 1.
How do handicraft products differ from machine made products?
Answer:
Handicraft:
Something you make with your own hands, especially an ornament or decoration, is a handicraft. Instead, items made by artisans like pottery, handwoven blankets, handmade jewellery and quilts stitched by hand are all examples of handicrafts.

Machine made Products:
Machine made Products are produced faster and all are exactly the same. Machine manufacturing is faster and more economical. Also machine made goods are cheaper than hand made goods.
IX. Mark the following places on the outline map of India
1. Bombay
2. Calcutta
3. Dacca
4. Jamshedpur
5. Rishra
6. Ahmedabad
7. Kanpur
8. Kulti
9. New Delhi

10. Assam

Answer:

X. Project and Activity

Question 1.
Name the industries in your state and divide them into Agro based metal based and forest based.
Answer:

Question 2.
Prepare a project on air, water, and land pollution due to the industrial development in India.
Answer:
Activity to be done by the students.
Question 3.
Make a power point presentation on the industrial development of India and highlight the main features of those developments.
Answer:
Activity to be done by the students.
Additional Questions
I. Choose the correct answer :

Question 1.
The ............ in India has a rich history.
(a) $\mathrm{Craft}$
(b) Steel
(c) Agricultural
(d) None of these

Answer:
(a) $\mathrm{Craft}$

Question 2.
Saurashtra was known for ___
(a) Tin Industry
(b) Bell Metal
(c) Muslin Clothes
(d) None of these

Answer:
(b) Bell Metal

Question 3.
Dacca was identified with ______
(a) Tin Industry
(b) Muslin Clothes
(c) Bell Metal
(d) All of these

Answer:
(b) Muslin Clothes

Question 4.
The Tradition Indian Industry was known in the fields of ______
(a) textiles
(b) woodwork
(c) ivory
(d) all of these

Answer:
(d) all of these

Question 5.
Mummies in ________ tombs dating from $2000 \mathrm{BC}$ were found wrapped in Indian muslins of the finest quality.
(a) Egyptian
(b) British
(c) Spanish
(d) None of these

Answer:
(a) Egyptian

Question 6.
A 50 meters of this thin fabric could be squeezed into a _____
(a) dress
(b) matchbox
(c) tin
(d) all the above

Answer:
(b) match box

Question 7.
........... industry was the oldest industry in India.
(a) Steel
(b) Jute

(c) Textile
(d) Sugar

Answer:
(c) Textile

Question 8.
Poverty of the Indian people was due to the British exploitation of India's resources and the drain of India's wealth to _______
(a) England
(b) Britain
(c) Egyptian
(d) All the above

Answer:
(b) Britain

Question 9.
Free trade policy followed by the ________
(a) India
(b) England
(c) East India Company
(d) Both 'a' and 'b'

Answer:
(c) East India Company

Question 10.
The process of Industrialization started in India from the mid ______
(a) 18 th Century
(b) 19th Century
(c) 20th Century
(d) $21 \mathrm{st}$ Century

Answer:
(c) 20th Century

Question 11 .
The beginning of modern industry is associated with the development in mainly plantation like ______
(a) jute
(b) cotton
(c) steel
(d) all of these

Answer:
(d) all of these

Question 12.
The ______ was the first to attract the Europeans.
(a) Machine based Industries
(b) Plantation Industries

(c) Heavy Industries
(d) None of these

Answer:
(b) Plantation Industries

Question 13.
The Assam Tea Company was founded in _________
(a) 1839
(b) 1939
(c) 1739
(d) 1840

Answer:
(a) 1839

Question 14.
The Tata Iron and Steel Company (TISCO) was setup in _______
(a) 1905
(b) 1906
(c) 1907
(d) 1908

Answer:
(c) 1907

Question 15.
In India, Modern Industrial sector in an organised form started with the establishment of cotton textile industry at _______ in 1854.
(a) Madras
(b) Calcutta
(c) Delhi
(d) Bombay

Answer:
(d) Bombay

Question 16.
The First Paper Mill was started in ________ near Calcutta in 1870 .
(a) Ballygunj
(b) Rishra
(c) Kanpur
(d) Jamshedji

Answer:
(a) Ballygunj

Question 17.
Steel was First manufactured by modern methods at Kulti in _________
(a) 1843
(b) 1874
(c) 1865
(d) 1878

Answer:
(b) 1874

Question 18.
The year 1991 undered a new era of the ______
(a) Modernisation
(b) Industrialization
(c) Economic liberalisation
(d) None of these

Answer:
(c) Economic liberalisation

Question 19.
The New Policy welcomes  _____
(a) $\mathrm{Craft}$
(b) Foreign Investment
(c) Agriculture
(d) All of these

Answer:

(b) Foreign Investment

Question 20.

____________  is an important component of economic growth.
(a) Modernisation
(b) Privatisation
(c) Liberalisation
(d) Industrialisation

Answer:
(d) Industrialisation
II. Fill in the blanks
1. ________  industry was started in Hoogly valley at Rishra near Culcutta
2. The _____ and _____ factories become prominent in Kanpur.
3. The _____ tea company was founded in 1939 .
4. The steel was first manufactured by modern methods at _______
5. ______ for tin industry.
6. The Second largest source of employment in Rural India next to agriculture is _____
7. The British conquest transformed Indian economy (self-reliant) into ___________ economy.
8. The accelerated industrialization began with the development of _____ and _____
9. The length of _______ increased from $2,573 \mathrm{Km}$ in 1861 to $55,773 \mathrm{Km}$ in 1914 .
10 . ____________  mills were opened in Bombay and Ahmadabad.
11. The heavy industries included the __________ and __________ industry.
12. Iron and steel industries began rooted in the Indian soil in the beginning of ________ century.
13. Industrial Policy Resolution 1956, industries were classified into ________ categories.
14. __________  skills were short in supply.
15. Very important aim of the first three five year plans were ___________ India.
16. A new era of the economic liberalization in _______
17. The policy welcomes foreign investments.
18. ________ has now a large verity of industries producing goods of varied nature
19. Give example for primary sector _______
20. There was a limited development of mining, especially _______

Answer:
1. Jutej
2. Wollen and leather
3. Assam
4. Jamshedpui
5. Vanga
6. Handicrafts
7. colonial
8 . roadways and railways
9. railways
10. Cotton
11. Iron and Steel
12. 20th Century
13. Three
14. Technical
15. Strong Industrial
16. 1991
17. New
18. India
19. agriculture
20. coal
III. Match the following:

1. b
2. a
3. d
4. c
5. f
6. c
IV. State True or False:
1. Jute industry was started in the Hoogly ally at Rishra near Punjab.
2. Suez canal shortened the distance between Europe and India.
3. The Assam Tea Company was founded in 1939.
4. The expand form of TISCO - True Iron and Steel Company.
5. Cotton Mills were opened in Bombay and Ahmadabad.
6. India was famous for its quality of cotton and silk clothes.
7. Saurashtra was known for Dacca.
8. Vanga was known for tin industry.
9. India become the market for the finished products of Britain.
10. During the first half of 19 th Century western countries were industrialization.

Answer:
1. False
2. True
3. True
4. False
5. True
6. True
7. False
8. True
9. True
10. True
V. Consider the following statements and Tick the appropriate answer

Question 1.
Which of the following statements are correct?
(i) The village artisans such as potters, weavers, smiths produced articles and utensils for domestic use.
(ii) Dacca was identified with muslin clothes.
(iii) The process of industrialization started In India from the mid-18' century.
(iv) The plantation industry was the first to attract the Europeans.
(a) (i), (ii) \& (iii) are Correct
(b) (i), (iii) \& (iv) are Correct
(c) (i), (ii) \& (iv) are Correct
(d) (i), (ii), (iii) and (iv) are Correct

Answer:
(c) (i), (ii) and (iv) are Correct

Question 2.
Assertion (A) : Indian became the market for the finished products of Britain.
Reason (R) : The British conquest transformed Indian Economy (self-reliant) into colonial economy.
(a) $\mathrm{A}$ is correct and $\mathrm{R}$ is the correct explanation of $\mathrm{A}$
(b) $A$ is correct but $R$ is not the correct explanation of $A$
(c) Both $\mathrm{A}$ and $\mathrm{R}$ are correct
(d) Both $\mathrm{A}$ and $\mathrm{R}$ are wrong

Answer:
(b) A is correct but $\mathrm{R}$ is not the correct explanation of $\mathrm{A}$

Question 3.
Which one of the following is correctly matched?
(a) Shajahan - Jamshedpur
(b) Bombay - First Textile Industry
(c) TISCO - Bernier
(D) 1991 - New Agricultural Policy

Answer:
(b) Bombay - First Textile Industry

Question 4.
Which one of the following is wrongly matched?

a) Paper Mill-Muslin
(b) Smiths - Artisan
(c) Drain Theory - The British exploitation of India's resources
(d) De - industrialisation -19 th Century

Answer:
(a) Paper Mill - Muslin
VI. Answer the following one or two sentences

Question 1.
Write a short note on industrial development during 1965 - 1980 .
Answer:
1. As the first three five year plans mostly focused on the development of the capital goods sector, the consumer goods sector was neglected.
2. The consumer goods sector is the backbone of rural economy.
3. As a result, there was a fall in the growth rate of industrial production.

Question 2.
Classify the Industries on the basis of raw material.
Solution:
On the basis of raw material used, industries can be classified into-
1. Agro - based Industries
2. Mineral - based Industries

Question 3.
When and where was the first paper mill started?
Answer:
The first paper mill was started in Ballygunj near Calcutta in 1870 .
Question 4.
Write any two machine based industries started in India.
Answer:
1. In India modern industrial sector in an organised form started with the establishment of cotton textile industry in Bombay in 1854.
2. In 1855 , Jute industry was started in the hooghly valley at Rishra near Calcutta.

Question 5.
Write about the Muslin of Dacca.
Answer:

1. Mummies in Egyptian tombs dating from $2000 \mathrm{BC}$ (BCE) were found wrapped in Indian muslins of the finest quality.
2. A 50 meters of this thin fabric could be squeezed into a match box.

Question 6.
What happen to Indian handicrafts under the colonical rule?
Answer:
Indian handicrafts that had made the country famous collapsed under the colonical rule.
Question 7.
Which is an important component of economic growth?
Answer:
1. Industrialization is an important component of economic growth.
2. India's industrial expansion over the plan period presents a mixed picture.

Question 8.
Write about Indian road network.
Answer:
1. The Indian road network has become one of the largest in the world.
2. Government efforts led to the expansion of the network of National Highways, State highways and major district roads, which in turn has directly contributed to industrial growth.

Question 9.
Classify the Industries oh the basis of ownership?
Answer:
On the basis of ownership it can be classified into-
1. Public Sector
2. Private Sector
3. Joint Sector and
4. Co-operative Sector

Question 10.
What are the specialized goods produced by the Traditional Crafts?
Answer:
Some specialized goods produced by the traditional crafts are:
1. Cotton textiles
2. Muslin
3. Wool
4. Silk and
5. Metal articles

VII Answer the following in detail

Question 1.
Explain the phases of Industrial development in India.
Answer:
1. Industrial development during 1950 's to 1965 :
- During this phase, a majority of consumer goods were produced in India.
- The Industrial sector was underdeveloped with weak infrastructure.
- The first three Five-Year plans were very important because their aim was to build a strong industrial base in independent India.
2. Industrial development during 1965 's -1980 :
- As the first three Five-year plans mostly focused on the development of the capital goods sector, the consumer goods sector was neglected.
- The consumer goods sector is the beck bone of rural economy.
- As a result, there was a fall in the growth rate of industrial production.
3. Industrial development during 1980's till 1991:
- The period of the 1980 's can be considered as the period of the industrial recovery.
- This period witnessed quite a healthy industrial growth.
4. Industrial development post 1991 Reforms:
- The year 1991 ushered a new era of the economic liberalization.
- India took major decision to improve the performance of the industrial sector.
- The Tenth and Eleventh Five-year plans witnessed a high growth rate of industrial production.
- The new policy welcomes foreign investments.

Question 2.
Discuss about the Traditional Crafts of India.
Answer:
1. The Crafts in India has a rich history. Crafts were an integral part in the life of the people.
2. Before arrival mechanized industry, the production of Indian handicrafts was the second largest source of employment in Rural India next to agriculture.
3. The traditional Indian industry was known in the fields of textiles, woodwork, ivory, stone 

cutting, leather, fragrance wood, metal work and jewellery.
4. The village artisans such as potters, weavers, smiths produced articles and utensils for domestic use.
5. Some specialized goods were produced for cotton textiles, muslin, wool, silk and metal articles.
6. India was famous for its fine quality of cotton and silk clothes.
7. There are references made in many scholarly works to the professions of the weaver, the tailor and the dyer.
8. Certain centers of metal industry well quite well known.
9. For example, Saurashtra was known for bell metal, Vanga for tin industry and Dacca was identified with muslin clothes.

Question 3.
Write in detail about the Heavy Industries.
Answer:
1. The heavy industries included the iron and steel industry, steel was first manufactured by modem methods at Kulti in 1874.
2. Iron and steel industries began rooted in the Indian soil in the beginning of 20th century.
3. However, the credit for the development of large-scale manufacture of steel in India goes to Jamshedji Tata.
4. The Tata Iron and steel company (TISCO) was setup in 1907 at Jamshedpur,
5. It started producing pig iron in 1911 and steel ingots in 1912.