Text Book Back Questions and Answers - Chapter 7 Urban Changes During the British Period 8th Social History Guide Samacheer Kalvi Solutions - SaraNextGen [2024-2025]

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Chapter 7 - Urban Changes During the British Period - 8th Social History Guide Samacheer Kalvi Solutions - Text Book Back Questions and Answers

I. Choose the correct answer:

Question 1.
Ancient towns are -
(a) Harappa and Mohenjodaro
(b) Delhi and Hyderabad
(c) Bombay and Culcutta
(d) None of the above

Answer:
(a) Harappa and Mohenjodaro

Question 2.
Coastal towns developed by the British were -
(a) Surat
(b) Goa
(c) Bombay
(d) All of these

Answer:
(d) All of these

Question 3.
A new trend of urbanisation began in the latter half of 19th century as a result of -
(a) Opening of Suez Canal
(b) Introduction of steam navigation
(c) Construction of railways

(d) All the above

Answer:
(d) All the above

Question 4.
The British arrived India for.
(a) for trading
(b) for preaching their religion
(c) for working
(d) for ruling

Answer:
(a) for trading

Question 5.
Fort St. George was constructed by the British in -
(a) Bombay
(b) Cuddalore
(c) Madras
(d) Calcutta

Answer:
(c) Madras

Question 6.
Which of the following port was the East India Company's principal settlement until 1774 ?
(a) Fort St. William
(b) Fort St David
(c) Fort St. George
(d) None of these

Answer:
(c) Fort St. George
II. Fill in the Blanks:
1. The network of railroads in India was introduced in ________
2. ______ rightly regarded as the Father of Local Self Government in India.
3. The Government of India Act of 1919 introduced _________ in the provinces.

4. ............................ was responsible for the formation of the corporation.
5. Francis Day and Andrew Cogan got permission to establish a factory -cum trading post at madrasapatnam in. ___________

Answer:
1. 1853
2. Ripon
3. Dyarchy
4. Sir Josiah Child
5. 1639
III. Match the following:

Question 1.
1. Bombay - Religious centres
2. Cantonment towns - Hill stations
3. Kedamath - Ancient town
4. Darjeeling - Seven island
5. Madurai - Kanpur

Answer:
1. Bombay - Seven island
2. Cantonment towns - Kanpur
3. Kedamath - Religious centres
4. Darjeeling - Hill stations
5. Madurai - Ancient town

IV. State true or false:
1. Towns flourished since prehistoric times in India.
2. British acquired political control after the Battle of Plassey.
3. Fort St. Williams is in Madras.
4. Army people began to live in cantonments.
5. Madras was officially renamed as Chennai in 1998.

Answer:
1. True
2. True
3. False
4. True
5. False
V. Choose the correct statement:

Question 1.
Assertion (A): India became the agricultural colony of Britain.
Reason (R): The one - way free trade policy followed by British and the Industrial revolution destroyed Indian indigenous industries.
(a) $\mathrm{A}$ is correct and $\mathrm{R}$ is Wrong
(b) $\mathrm{A}$ is wrong and $\mathrm{R}$ is Correct
(c) $\mathrm{A}$ is correct and $\mathrm{R}$ explains $\mathrm{A}$
(d) $\mathrm{A}$ is correct and $\mathrm{R}$ does not explain $\mathrm{A}$

Answer:
(c) A is correct and $\mathrm{R}$ explains $\mathrm{A}$

Question 2.
Which of the following statement(s) is/are not true?
i) Srirangarayalu gave the English the grant of Madrasapatnam.
ii) Day and Cogan were jointly responsible for the construction of Fort St. George.
iii) In 1969 the state of Madras was rechristened as Tamil Nadu.
(a) i only
(b) i and ii
(c) ii and iii
(d) iii only

Answer:
(a) i only

Question 3.
Assertion (A): British built up their alternative capitals in hilly areas.
Reason (R): They found the Indian summer inhospitable.
(a) $\mathrm{A}$ is correct and $\mathrm{R}$ is Wrong
(b) $\mathrm{A}$ is wrong and $\mathrm{R}$ is Correct
(c) $\mathrm{A}$ is correct and $\mathrm{R}$ explains $\mathrm{A}$
(d) $\mathrm{A}$ is correct and $\mathrm{R}$ does not explain $\mathrm{A}$

Answer:
(c) $\mathrm{A}$ is correct and $\mathrm{R}$ explains $\mathrm{A}$
VI. Answer the following in one or two sentences:

Question 1.
What is an urban area?
Answer:
An urban area is one that has a high population density engaged in occupations other than food production, living in a highly built environment.

Question 2.
Hilly areas were distinctive features of colonial urban development. Why?
Answer:
- The British coming from a cool temperate climate, found the hill stations protective from hot weather and epidemics.
- So they built up the alternative capitals in cool areas.
- So highly hills areas were distinctive features of colonial urban development.

Question 3.
Name the three Presidency cities?
Answer:
In the late 18th century Calcutta, Bombay and Madras rose as Presidency cities.
Question 4.
State any four reason for the new trend of urbanization in the 19th century.
Answer:
- The causes for the new trend of urbanization in the 19th century were
- Opening of Suez Canal, introduction of steam navigation, construction of Railways, Canals and harbours.
- Growth of factory industries etc.

Question 5.
Write short note on Cantonment towns.
Answer:
- Since the British needed strong military camps and established the cantonment towns.
- Army people began to live in these places and gradually they were grown up into a city.
- E.g. Kanpur and Lahore.

Question 6.
What were the regions covered in the Madras presidency during British regime?
Answer:
The region covered in the Madras Presidency during the British regime covered were
- Modem day Tamil Nadu
- The Lakshadweep Island

- Northern Kerala
- Rayalaseema
- Coastal Andhra
- Districts of Karnataka and various districts of southern Odisha.
VII. Answer the following in detail.

Question 1.
Describe the colonial urban development.

Answer:
(i) Port cities:
- The British arrived in India for trading. Madras, Calcutta and Bombay became the important ports. They played important role in trade. These cities became the prominent commercial areas with tall European - styled buildings.
- Fort St. George in Madras and Fort St. William in Calcutta were the best examples.
(ii) Cantonment towns:
- The British occupied the Indian territory and political power by their military force. So they needed strong military camps and established the cantonments
- For e.g, Kanpur, Lahore.
(iii) Hill Stations:
- Hill stations were distinctive features of colonial urban development. Although Hill stations were not unknown, prior to their founding by the British in India, they were few and had a small population and were often visited for specific purpose.
- For e.g. Srinagar was a Mughal recreational centre, Kedamath and Badrinath were Hindu religious Centres.
(iv) Railway towns:
- Railway towns were also a type of urban settlements and were established in 1853 after the introduction of railways by the British.
- By the nature of railway transport, all the towns were located on the plains.

Question 2.
Trace the origin and growth of Madras.
Answer:
Origin and Growth of Madras:
(a) The beginning of the city of Madras goes back to the earliest stages of British commercial enterprise in India. The English East India Company was started in 1600 A.D(C.E).
(b) The English, after some efforts secured the privilege of building a factory at Masulipatnam. It was well protected from the monsoon winds.
(c) The official grant for the land was given by Damarla Venkatapathy Nayak, the deputy of the Raja of Chandragiri (12km west of Tirupathi). Damarla gave British a piece of land between Cooum river and the Egmore.
(d) India Company's Francis Day accompanied by his interpreter Beri Thimmappa and superior Andrew Cogan. By this Francis Day and Andrew Cogan (the chief of the Masulipatnam Factory), was granted permission to establish a factory - cum trading post and a fort at Madrasapatnam in 1639.
(e) This fortified settlement came to be known as Fort St. George settlement. It is otherwise referred to as the White Town. While the nearby villages inhabited by local population was called as Black Town. Collectively the White Town and the Black Town were called Madras.

Question 3.
India became an agricultural colony of Britain. How?
Answer:
1. In the beginning, the policies of the British proved harmful to the process of urbanisation.
2. Later the economic policies followed by the British led to the rapid transformation of India's economy into a colonial economy and development of cities.
3. The one way free trade predominance of British, Indian manufacturing industries were destroyed.
4. There was a sudden collapse of the urban handicrafts industry.
5. Towns and cities long famed for their specialized products gazed continually shrinking market.

6. The manufacturing towns lost their previous importance.
7. The industrial revolution, high import duties and other restrictions imposed on the import of Indian goods into Britain and Europe led to the decline of Indian industries.
8. Thus, India became the agricultural colony of Britians.
VIII. Project and Activity:

Question 1.
Make an album - 'Making of Chennai' (from early period till now)
Answer:
Activity to be done by the students themselves
Question 2.
Mark port cities, cantonment towns, hill stations on the outline map of India, (any four places from each)
Answer:

Additional Questions
I. Choose the correct answer:

Question 1.
The evolution of towns has occurred in.
(a) ancient towns
(b) medieval towns
(c) modern towns
(d) all the above

Answer:
(d) all the above

Question 2.
Most of the ancient towns in India developed as.
(a) administrative centres
(b) religious centres
(c) cultural centres
(d) all the above

Answer:
(d) all the above

Question 3.
Some of the important medieval towns of India are.
(a) Delhi, Hyderabad and Harappa
(b) Jaipur, Lucknow and Agra
(c) Nagpur, Madurai and Mohenjadaro
(d) Madurai, Varanasi and Lucknow

Answer:
(b) Jaipur, Lucknow and Agra

Question 4.
The British developed new towns depending on its.
(a) location
(b) purpose
(c) resources
(d) all the above

Answer:
(d) all the above

Question 5.
DeIndustrialisation under the British took place due to their.
(a) economic policy
(b) industrial policy
(c) political policy
(d) none of the above

Answer:
(a) economic policy

Question 6.
One of the old populous manufacturing towns was.
(a) Delhi
(b) Harappa
(c) Dacca
(d) Madurai

Answer:
(c) Dacca

Question 7.
The introduction of railways in British India resulted in.
(a) the diversion of trade routes
(b) export of raw materials
(c) uprooting the traditional industries
(d) ail the above

Answer:
(d) all the above

Question 8.
British developed new centers of trade at.
(a) Calcutta
(b) Madras
(c) Bombay
(d) All the above

Answer:
(d) All the above

Question 9.
The trade of English East India Company expanded in.
(a) 1639

(b) 1661
(c) 1690
(d) 1757

Answer:
(d) 1757

Question 10.
The British established the cantonments since they needed.
(a) raw materials
(b) commercial centers
(c) strong military camps
(d) none of the above

Answer:
(c) strong military camps

Question 11.
Some of the hill stations developed by the British were.
(a) Kedamath and Badrinath
(b) Simla and Nainital
(c) Kanpur and Lahore
(d) Srinagar and Delhi

Answer:
(b) Simla and Nainital

Question 12.
The charter established Municipal administration in the three presidency Towns
(a) 1812
(b) 1793
(c) 1850

(d) 1909

Answer:
(b) 1793

Question 13.
English trade did not thrive at Masulipatnam due to.
(a) Lack of resources
(b) Leak of Transport
(c) Famine
(d) None of the above

Answer:
(c) Famine

Question 14.
Francis Day was.
(a) The Director of East India Company
(b) Member of the Masulipatnam Council
(c) Mayor of Madras Municipal Corporation
(d) The Chief of the Masulipatnam Factory

Answer:
(b) Member of the Masulipatnam Council

Question 15.
Beri Thimmappa was.
(a) The Deputy of the Raja of Chandragiri
(b) An Interpreter
(c) Superior of Francis Day
(d) Councillor

Answer:
(b) An Interpreter

II. Fill in the blanks:
1. The medieval towns of India functioned either as ___ city or _____ city.
2. In the beginning of eighteenth century, the policies of the British proved harmful to the process of _
3. The native rulers lost their kingdom to the British by means of various _____ of the colonial power.
4. Srinagar was ______ a recreational centre.
5. Darjeeling was wrested from the rulers of ______
6. The introduction of _______ made hill station more accessible.
7. Damarla gave British a piece of land between Cooum river and ____
8. Collectively the White Town and the Black Town were called ______
9. Srirangarayapatnam and Chennapatnam were together known ______
10. Madras was officially renamed as Chennai in ___
11. In western India ______was the main port of the East India Company.

Answer:
1. Fort,port
2. urbanisation
3. policies
4. Mughal
5. sikkim
6. railways
7. Egmore
8. Madras
9. Madrasapatnam
10. 1996

11. Bombay
III. Match the following:

Answer:
1. d
2. a
3. e
4. b
5. c
IV. State True or False:
1. During ancient times most of the towns developed as headquarters of Kingdoms.
2. The policies of the British proved useful in the process of urbanisation.
3. The stiff competition of imported goods crashed down the industrial structure in India.
4. Madras, Calcutta and Bombay became the prominent commercial centres under the British.
5. The British developed the hill stations as Sanatoriums also.
6. By the nature of railway transport, all the towns were located on the hills.

Answer:
1. False
2. False
3. True
4. True
5. True
6. False
V. Choose the correct statement:

Question 1.
Assertion (A): The trade of English East India company expanded after 1757. Reason (R): The British gradually acquired political control after the Battle of Plassey in 1757.
(a) $\mathrm{A}$ is correct and $\mathrm{R}$ is Wrong
(b) $\mathrm{A}$ is wrong and $\mathrm{R}$ is Correct
(c) $\mathrm{A}$ is correct and $\mathrm{R}$ explains $\mathrm{A}$
(d) $\mathrm{A}$ is correct and $\mathrm{R}$ does not explain $\mathrm{A}$

Answer:
(c) $\mathrm{A}$ is correct and $\mathrm{R}$ explains $\mathrm{A}$

Question 2.
Which of the following statement(s) is / are not true
(i) Ripon's Resolution is known as MagnaCarta of Local Self-Government.
(ii) Lord Mayo's famous Resolution of 1870 supported the development of local selfgovernment.
(iii) After Independence India got the unique opportunity of moulding local government.
(a) i only
(b) ii only
(c) iii only
(d) i, ii and iii

Answer:
(d) i, ii and iii

Question 3.
Assertion (A): The British established cantonments.
Reason (R): The British occupied the Indian territory and political power by their military force.
(a) $\mathrm{A}$ is correct and $\mathrm{R}$ is Wrong
(b) $\mathrm{A}$ is wrong and $\mathrm{R}$ is Correct
(c) $\mathrm{A}$ is correct and $\mathrm{R}$ explains $\mathrm{A}$
(d) $\mathrm{A}$ is correct and $\mathrm{R}$ does not explain $\mathrm{A}$

Answer:
(c) $\mathrm{A}$ is correct and $\mathrm{R}$ explains $\mathrm{A}$
VI. Answer the following one or two sentences:

Question 1.

Mention the names of the few ancient towns in India.

Answer:
Harappa, Mohenjodaro, Varanasi, Allahabad and Madurai are well - known ancient towns in India.

Question 2.
Write a note on Medieval towns in India.
Answer:
- During medieval times, most of the towns developed as headquarters of principalities and kingdoms.
- They functioned either fort city or port city.
- Important among them are Delhi. Hyderabad, Jaipur, Lucknow, Agra and Nagpur.

Question 3.
Mention a few Coastal towns.
Answer:
1. The Europeans first developed some coastal towns.
2. They were Surat, Daman, Goa and Pondicherry.

Question 4.
Mention the three main cities developed by the British.
Answer:
1. The British after consolidated their power in India developed three main cities - Mumbai, Chennai and Kolkatta.
2. They served as administrative headquarters and trading centres.

Question 5.
How were the newly developed towns known?
Answer:
The newly developed towns are known differently as hill towns, industrial towns, court towns, railway station towns, cantonments and administrative towns.

Question 6.
Mention the factors which led to the decline of Indian Industries.
Answer:
1. The traditional industrial base of Indian cities, was destroyed by Industrial revolution.
2. The high import duties and other restrictions imposed on the import of Indian goods into Britain and Europe led to the decline of Indian industries.

Question 7.
Why was there a new trend of urbanisation in the latter half of the nineteenth century?
Answer:
1. The opening of Suez Canal
2. Introduction of Steam Navigation
3. Construction of railways
4. Canals, harbours, growth of factory industries, coal mining, tea plantation, banking, shipping and insurance, all these created a new trend urbanisation in the latter half of the nineteenth century.

Question 8.
Write a note on the administration of the Presidency towns.
Answer:
1. The Governor General to appoint justices of peace in the Presidency towns.
2. After various trials, a system of government was evolved with essential features like a large corporation with elected members, a strong independent executive authority to check accounts and perform essential duties such as sanitation water supply and collection of revenue etc.

Question 9.
How did Calcutta became a Presidency?
Answer:
1. In 1690 , the English merchants founded a settlement at Sutanati.
2. In 1698 , they secured Zamindari rights over Sutanati, Calcutta and Gobindpur.
3. The company established Fort William at Calcutta.
4. Calcutta became Presidency with a Governor and Council to manage its affairs.

Question 10.
How did the administrative headquarters emerge as the most important towns and cities of the country?
Answer:
1. By the beginning of 20th century, Calcutta, Bombay and Madras had become the leading administration, commercial and industrial cities of India.
2. These cities became the central commercial area with buildings of European style.

3. Sub urban railways, tram car and city buses gave the colonial cities a new look and status.
VII. Answer the following in detail:

Question 1.
Write a note on the evolution of towns in India.
Answer:
1. The evolution of towns has occurred in different ways and in different stages in India.
2. They can be classified into ancient towns, medieval towns and modem towns.
3. Most of the ancient towns like Harlappa. Mohenjodaro, Varanasi, Allahabad and Madurai developed as administrative, religious and cultural centres.
4. The medieval towns like Delhi, Hyderabad, Jaipur, Lucknow, Agra and Nagpur developed as headquarters of principalities and kingdom.
5. The Europeans first developed some coastal towns such as Surat, Daman, Goa and Pondicherry in modem India.
6. Then the British developed Madras, Bombay and Calcutta as the administrative headquarters and trading centres.
7. The newly developed towns are known differently as hill towns, industrial towns, court towns, railway station towns, cantonments and administrative towns.

Question 2.
Write about the development of Local Government in the British India.
Answer:
The development of local government in the British India may be traced in three distinct phases.
(a) First phase (1688-1882):
1. Municipal government in India has been in existence since 1688 with the formation of Madras Municipal Corporation with a Mayor.
2. Sir Josiah Child, one of the Directors of the East India Company was responsible for the formation of the corporation.
3. The Charter Act of 1793, established Municipal administration in the three Presidency Towns.
4. The Act of 1850 provided the formation of municipalities North Western Frontier provinces, Oudh and Bombay.

(b) Second phase (1882-1920):
1. Ripon's Resolution on local Self - Government was a landmark in the history of local self-government.
2. So Ripon is rightly called the "Father of Local Self-Government" in India.
(c) Third phase (1920-1950):
1. The Government of India Act of 1919 introduced Dyarchy in the provinces.
2. The Government of India Act of 1935 introduced Provincial Autonomy.
3. With the attainment of Independence in 1947 India had the unique opportunity of making and moulding local government to meet the needs of the free nation.

Question 3.
How did Bombay become a main part in Western India?
Answer:
1. Bombay was initially seven Islands.
2. It was under, the Portuguese from 1534 onwards.
3. Portuguese king gave it as a dowry to Charles II of England when he married the former's sister in 1661 .
4. King leased it to the East India Company.
5. The city of Bombay began to grow when the East India Company started using Bombay as its main port in Western India.
6. In 1687 , the English East India Company transferred its headquarters from Surat to Bombay.