Text Book Back Questions and Answers - Chapter 2 Kingdom Animalia 11th Zoology Guide Samacheer Kalvi Solutions - SaraNextGen [2024-2025]

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Chapter 2 - Kingdom Animalia - 11th Zoology Guide Samacheer Kalvi Solutions - Text Book Back Questions and Answers

I. Multiple Choice Questions

Choose the correct answer
Question 1.
The symmetry exhibited in cnidarians is -
(a) Radial
(b) Bilateral
(c) Pentamerous radial
(d) Asymmetrical

Answer:
(a) Radial

Question 2.
Sea anemone belongs to phylum -
(a) Protozoa
(b) Porifera
(c) Coelenterata
(d) Echinodermata

Answer:
(c) Coelenterata

Question 3.
The excretory cells that are found in platyhelminthes are -
(a) Protonephridia
(b) Flame cells
(c) Solenocytes
(d) All of these

Answer:
(d) All of these

Question 4.
In which of the following organisms, self-fertilization is seen?

(a) Fish
(b) Round worm
(c) Earthworm
(d) Liver fluke

Answer:
(d) Liver fluke

Question 5.
Nephridia of Earthworms are performing the same functions as -
(a) Gills of prawn
(b) Flame cells of Planaria
(c) Trachea of insects
(d) Nematoblasts of Hydra

Answer:
(b) Flame cells of Planaria

Question 6.
Which of the following animals has a true coelom?
(a) Ascaris
(b) Pheretima
(c) Sycon
(d) Taenia solium

Answer:
(b) Pheretima

Question 7.
Metameric segmentation is the main feature of -
(a) Annelida
(b) Echinodermata
(c) Arthropoda
(d) Coelenterata

Answer:
(a) Annelida

Question 8.
In Pheretima locomotion occurs with help of -

(a) circular muscles
(b) longitudinal muscles and setae
(c) circular, longitudinal muscles and setae
(d) parapodia

Answer:
(c) circular, longitudinal muscles and setae

Question 9.
Which of the following have the highest number of species in nature?
(a) Insects
(b) Birds
(c) Angiosperms
(d) Fungi

Answer:
(a) Insects

Question 10.
Which of the following is a crustacean?
(a) Prawn
(b) Snail
(c) Sea anemone
(d) Hydra

Answer:
(a) Prawn

Question 11.
The respiratory pigment in cockroach is -
(a) Haemoglobin
(b) Haemocyanin
(c) Haemoerythrin
(d) None of the above

Answer:
(c) Haemoerythrin

Question 12.
Exoskeleton of which phylum consists of chitinous cuticle?

(a) Annelida
(b) Porifera
(c) Arthropoda
(d) Echinodermata

Answer:
(a) Annelida

Question 13.
Lateral line sense organs occur in -
(a) Salamander
(b) Frog
(c) Water snake
(d) Fish

Answer:
(d) Fish

Question 14.
The limbless amphibian is -
(a) Icthyophis
(b) Hyla
(c) Rana
(d) Salamander

Answer:
(a) Icthyophis

Question 15.
Four chambered heart is present in -
(a) Lizard
(b) Snake
(c) Scorpion
(d) Crocodile

Answer:
(d) Crocodile

Question 16.
Which of the following is not correctly paired?

(a) Humans - Ureotelic
(b) Birds - Uricotelic
(c) Lizards - Uncotelic
(d) Whale - Ammonotelic

Answer:
(d) Whale - Ammonotelic

Question 17.
Which of the following is an egg laying mammal?
(a) Deiphinus
(b) Macropus
(c) Ornitho rhynchus
(d) Equus

Answer:
(c) Ornitho rhynchus

Question 18.
Pneumatic bones are seen in -
(a) Mammalia
(b) Aves
(c) Reptilia
(d) Sponges

Answer:
(b) Aves

Question 19.

Match the following columns and select the correct option.

Answer:
(b) p- (iii), q - (iv), r - (ii), s - (i)

Question 20.
In which of the following phyla, the adult shows radial symmetry but the larva shows bilateral symmetry?
(a) Mollusca
(b) Echinodermata
(c) Arthropoda
(d) Annelida

Answer:
(b) Echinodermata

Question 21.
Which of the following is correctly matched?
(a) Physalia - Portugese man of war
(b) Pennatula - Sea fan
(c) Adamsia - Sea pen
(d) Gorgonia - Sea anemone

Answer:
(a) Physalla - Portugese man of war

Question 22.
Why are spongin and spicutes important to a sponge?
Answer:
Spongin and spicules provide support and supports the soft body parts of the sponges. The spicules give the sponges rigidity and form to the sponges

Question 23.
What are the four characteristics common to most animals?
Answer:
The characteristics common to most animals are the arrangement of cell layers.
- The levels of organization.

- Nature of coelom.
- The presence or absence of segmentation and notochord.
- Organization of the organ system.

Question 24.
list the features that all vertebrates show at some point in their deelopnwnt.
Answer:
All vertebrates possess notochord during embryonic stay. li is repLaced by vertebra) column. All vertebrates possess pained appendages such as fins or lunits. Skin is covered by protective skeleton comprising of scales. fiathcrs hairs, claws, nails etc. Respiration is aerobic through gills, skin. buccopharyngeal cavity' and lungs. All vertebrates have a muscular heart with two, three or four chambers and kidneys for excretion and osmoregulation.

Question 25.
Compare closed and opened circulatory system.
Answer:
Closed circulatory system:
- The circulation in which blood is present inside the blood vessels is called closed circulatory' system
- It is found in higher organisms, e.g. annelids, cephalochordates and vertebrates.

Open circulatory system:
- The circulation in which blood remains filled in tissue spaces due to the absence of blood vessels is called open circulatory system
- It is found in lower organisms. e.g. arthropods, molluscs and echinoderms.

Question 26.
Compare schizocoelom with enterocoeloni.
Schizocoelom:
- The coelom which is formed by splitting of Mesoderm is called schizocoelom.

- It is found in lower invertebrates like annelids, arthropods and molluscs.

Enterocoeloni:
- The coelom which is formed from the Mesodermal pouches of archenteron is called enteroceolem.
- It is found in echinoderms, hemichordates and chordates.

Question 27.
Identify the structure that the archenteron becomes in a developing animal.
Answer:
The archenteron becomes the cavity of the digestive tract.
Question 28.
Observe the animal below and answer the following questions
(a) Identify the animal
(b) What type of symmetry does this animal exhibit?
(c) Is this animal Cephalized?
(d) How many germ layers does this animal have?
(e) How many openings does this animal's digestive system have?
(f) Does this animal have neurons?

Answer:
(a) Sea anemone (Adarnasia)
(b) Radial symmetry
(c) No
(d) Two (ectoderm and endoderm)
(e) One
(f) No.

Question 29.
Choose the term that does not belong in the following group and explain why
it does not belong?
Answer:
- Notochord, cephalisation, dorsal nerve cord and radial symmetry.
- Notochord, cephalisation and dorsal nerve cord are the characteristic features of chordates. The radial symmetry is not a characteristic feature of chordate. It is the feature of cnidarian and adult echinoderms. Hence it does not belong to the group.

Question 30.
Why flat worms are called acoelomates?
Answer:
Flat worms are called acoelomate because they do not possess a body cavity.
Question 31.
What are flame cells?
Answer:

Flame cells are the specialized excretory cells in flat worms. They help in excretion and osmoregulation.

Question 32.
Concept Mapping - Use the following terms to create a concept map that shows the major characteristic features of the phylum nematoda: Round worms, pseudocoelomates, digestive tract, cuticle, parasite and sexual dimorphism.

Answer:

Question 33.
In which phyla is the larva trochopore found?
Answer:
Annelida.
Question 34.
Which of the chordate characteristics do tunicates retain as adults?
Answer:
Ventral and tabular heart. Respiration is through gill slits.
Question 35.
List the characteristic features that distinguish cartilaginous fishes with living jawless fishes.
Answer:
Cartilaginous Fishes:
- These have powerful jaws which help in predation.
- These are free living predatory fishes.
- These are advanced over jawless fishes.
- These have a tough skin covered by dermal
- Respiration is by lamelliform gills without operculum.
- Paired fins are present.
- Fertilization is internal
- Viviparous e.g. Scoliodon

Living Jawless Fishes:

- They do not have jaws and the mouth is circular and suctorial.
- These are ectoparasites on fishes.
- These are primitive over cartilaginous fishes.
- The skin is soft and devoid of scales.
- These have six to fifteen pair of gills slits.
- Paired fins are absent.
- Fertilization is external
- Oviparous, e.g. Lamprey

Question 36.
List three features that characterise bony fishes.
Answer:
- These fishes have bony endoskeleton.
- The skin is covered by ganoid, cycloid or ctenoid scales.
- Gills are covered by an operculum.
- They are ammonotelic.
- They have mesonephric kidneys.
- External fertilization is seen.

Question 37.
List the functions of air bladder in fishes.
Answer:
- Air bladder helps in gaseous exchange.
- It helps in maintaining buoyancy.

Question 38.
Write the characteristics that contributes to the success of reptiles on land.
Answer:

- The characteristics that contribute to the success of reptiles on land are as follows:
- The presence of dry and comified skin with epidermal scales or scutes which prevent the loss of water.
- The presence of metanephric kidney.
- They are uricotelic (they excrete uric acid to prevent the loss of water).

Question 39.
List the unique features of bird's endoskeleton.
Answer:
- The endoskeleton of birds is bony
- The long bones are hollow with air cavities (pneumatic)
- The body is covered by feathers.

Question 40.
Could the number of eggs or young ones produced by an oviparous and viviparous female be equal? Why?
Answer:
No. The number of eggs or young ones produced by an oviparous and viviparous female cannot be equal. When the oviparous animals lay eggs in the external environment or in the medium, the chance of survival and successful development into the adults are not certain. But in case of viviparous animals, young ones are nurtured by the adult animals. Hence, oviparous animals lay more eggs if they are fertilized in the medium or in water.

Entrance Examination Questions Solved
Choose the correct answer
Question 1.
Classification of sponges is primarily based on the 
(a) body organization
(b) body plan
(c) skeleton
(d) canal system

Answer:
(c) skeleton

Question 2.
Symmetry is cnidaria is
(a) radial
(b) bilateral
(c) pentamerous
(d) spherical

Answer:
(a) radial

Question 3.
Cavity of coelenterates is called 
(a) coelenteron
(b) coelom
(c) cavity
(d) none of these

Answer:
(a) coelenteron

Question 4.
Sea anemone belongs to phylum 
(a) protozoa
(b) porifera
(c) coelenterata
(d) echinodermata

Answer:
(c) coelenterata

Question 5.
Medusa is the reproductive organ of
(a) Hydra
(b) Aurelia
(c) Obelia
(d) Sea anemone

Answer:
(b) Aurelia

Question 6.
The excretory cells, that are found in platyhelminthes 
(a) Protonephridia
(b) Flame cells
(c) Solenocytes
(d) All of these

Answer:
(b) Flame cells

Question 7.
In which of the following organisms, self-fertilization is seen? 
(a) Fish
(b) Round worm
(c) Earthworm
(d) Liver fluke

Answer:
(d) Liver fluke

Question 8.
Nephridia of Earthworms are performing same function as
(a) gills of prawn
(b) flame cells of Planaria
(c) trachea of insects
(d) nematoblasts of Hydra

Answer:
(b) flame cells of Planaria

Question 9.
Phylum of Taenia solium is 
(a) Aschelminthes
(b) Annelids
(c) Platylelminthes

(d) Mollusca

Answer:
(c) Platylelminthes

Question 10.
Ascaris is found in 
(a) body cavity
(b) lymph nodes
(c) tissue
(d) alimentary canal

Answer:
(d) alimentary canal

Question 11.
Which of the following animals has a true coelom? 
(a) Ascaris
(b) Pheretima
(c) Sycon
(d) Taenia solium

Answer:
(b) Pheretima

Question 12.
Metameric segmentation is the main feature of
(a) Annelida
(b) Echinodermata
(c) Arthropoda
(d) Coelenterata

Answer:
(a) Annelida

Question 13.
Body cavity lined by mesoderm is called 
(a) coelenteron
(b) pseudocoel
(c) coelom

(d) blastocoel

Answer:
(c) coelom

Question 14.
Which of the following have the highest number of species in nature? 
(a) Insects
(b) Birds
(c) Angiosperms
(d) Fungi

Answer:
(a) Insects

Question 15.
Which of the following is a crustacean? 
(a) Prawn
(b) Snail
(c) Sea anemone
(d) Hydra

Answer:
(a) Prawn

Question 16.
The respiratory pigment present in cockroach is
(a) Haemoglobin
(b) Haemocyanin
(c) Oxyhaemoglobin
(d) None of these

Answer:
(d) None of these

Question 17.
Book lungs are respiratory organs in
(a) Insects
(b) Arachnids

(c) Molluscans
(d) Echinoderms

Answer:
(b) Arachnids

Question 18.
The excretory organ in cockroach is 
(a) Malpighian corpuscle
(b) Malpighian tubules
(c) Green gland
(d) Metanephridia

Answer:
(b) Malpighian tubules

Question 19.
Exoskeleton of which phylum consists of chitinous cuticle? 
(a) Annelida
(b) Porifera
(c) Arthropoda
(d) Echinodermata

Answer:
(c) Arthropoda

Question 20.
In cockroach, vision is due to
(a) one compound eye
(b) two compound eyes
(c) two simple eyes
(d) two compound and two simple eyes.

Answer:
(b) two compound eyes

Question 21.
Which of the following respires through gills? 
(a) Whale
(b) Turtle

(c) Frog
(d) Prawns

Answer:
(d) Prawns

Question 22.
Animals active at night are called
(a) diurnal
(b) nocturnal
(c) parasites
(d) nocto-diumal

Answer:
(b) nocturnal

Question 23.
Salient features of Arthropoda is
(a) aquatic and free living
(b) chitinous exoskeleton and jointed appendages
(c) radulla
(d) none of those

Answer:
(b) chitinous exoskeleton and jointed appendages

Question 24.
The second largest number of species containing phylum in the animal kingdom is
(a) Annelida
(b) Arthropoda
(c) Mollusca
(d) Chordata

Answer:
(c) Mollusca

Question 25.
Mollusca is
(a) Triploblastic, acoelomate

(b) Triploblastic, coelomate
(c) Diploblastic, acoelomate
(d) Diploblastic, coelomate

Answer:
(b) Triploblastic, coelomate

Question 26.
Tube feet are the locomotory organs of
(a) Platyhelminthes
(b) Echinodermata
(c) Mollusca
(d) Arthropoda

Answer:
(b) Echinodermata

Question 27.
Given below are four matchings of a animal and its kind of respiratory organ 
(A) Silver fish - Trachea
(B) Scorpion - Book lung
(C) Sea squirt - Pharyngeal gills
(D) Dolphin - Skin

The correct matchings are
(a) $A$ and $B$
(b) A,B and C
(c) B and D
(d) C and D

Answer:
(b) $A, B$ and $C$

Question 28.
Which one of the following is a matching pair of an animal and a certain phenomenon it exhibits? 
(a) Pheretima - Sexual dimorphism
(b) Rana-Complete metamorphosis
(c) Chameleon - Mimicry

(d) Taenia - Polymorphism

Answer:
(b) Rana - Complete metamorphosis

Question 29.
Two common characters found in centipede, cockroach and crab
(a) book lungs and antennae
(b) compound eyes and anal cerci
(c) joint legs and chitinous exoskeleton
(d) green gland and tracheae

Answer:
(c) joint legs and chitinous exoskeleton

Question 30.
Which one of the following groups of animals is bilaterally symmetrical and triploblastic?
(a) Aschelminthes (round worms)
(b) Ctenophores
(c) Sponges
(d) Coelenterates (cnidarians)

Answer:
(a) Aschelminthes (round worms)

Question 31.
Which one feature is common to leech, cockroach and scorpion?
(a) Nephridia
(b) Ventral nerve cord
(c) Cephalization
(d) Antennae

Answer:
(b) Ventral nerve cord

Question 32.
Which one of the following features is common in silverfish, scorpion, dragonfly and prawn?

(a) Three pairs of legs and segmented body
(b) Chitinous cuticle and two pairs of antennae
(c) Jointed appendages and chitinous exoskeleton
(d) Cephalothorax and trachea

Answer:
(c) Jointed appendages and chitinous exoskeleton

Question 33.
Peripatus is known as a connecting link, because it has the characters of both 
(a) Fishes \& amphibians
(b) Reptiles \& birds
(c) Aves \& fishes
(d) Arthropoda \& annelids

Answer:
(d) Arthropoda \& annelids

Question 34.
Osphradium of Pila globosa is
(a) thermoreceptor
(b) Pheretima
(c) chemoreceptor
(d) tangoreceptor

Answer:
(c) chemoreceptor

Question 35.
Green glands present in some arthropods help in 
(a) respiration
(b) excretion
(c) digestion
(d) none of these

Answer:
(b) excretion

Question 36.
Squid, cuttle fish and Octopus belongs to class of
(a) decapoda
(b) scaphopoda
(c) cephalopoda
(d) apods

Answer:
(c) cephalopoda

Question 39.
The canal system is a characteristic feature of
(a) sponges
(b) echinoderms
(c) helminthes
(d) coelenterates

Answer:
(a) sponges

Question 40.
Malpighian tubules are
(a) excretory organs of insects
(b) excretory organs of frog
(c) respiratory organs of insects
(d) endocrine glands of insects

Answer:
(a) excretory organs of insects

Question 41.
Caterpillar and maggot are 
(a) larvae
(b) nymphs
(c) adults
(d) pupa

Answer:
(a) larvae

Question 42.
Excretory organ of platyhelminthes is 
(a) gills
(b) flame cells
(c) nephridia
(d) trachea

Answer:
(b) flame cells

Question 43.
Water vascular system is a characteristic of 
(a) ctenophore
(b) annelid
(c) echinodermata
(d) arthropoda

Answer:
(c) echinodermata

Question 44.
Tube feet are the characteristic structures of 
(a) jellyfish
(b) starfish
(c) cuttlefish
(d) crayfish

Answer:
(b) starfish

Question 45.
Hormone, which helps in metamorphosis in insects is
(a) pheromone
(b) ecdysone
(c) thyroxine
(d) all of these

Answer:
(b) ecdysone

Question 46.
The muscles associated with the heart of insects are 
(a) alary
(b) striped
(c) radial
(d) pericardial

Answer:
(a) alary

Question 47.
Which of the following organisms is pseudocoelomate?
(a) Hookworm
(b) Liver fluke
(c) Jelly fish
(d) Leech

Answer:
(a) Hookworm

Question 48.
Which of the following is not reported to have any fresh water forms? 
(a) Mollusca
(b) Sponges
(c) Coelenterates
(d) Echinoderms

Answer:
(d) Echinoderms

Question 49.
Pseudocoelom is not found in 
(a) Ascaris
(b) Ancylostoma
(c) Fasciola
(d) none of these

Answer:
(c) Fasciola

Question 50.
Animals devoid of respiratory, excretory and circulatory organs belong to phylum 
(a) echinodermata
(b) platyhelminthes
(c) porifera
(d) mollusca

Answer:
(c) porifera

Question 51.
Cilia of gills of bivalve molluscs help in
(a) protection
(b) respiration
(c) excretion
(d) feeding

Answer:
(b) respiration

Question 52.
All flat worms differ from all round worms in having 
(a) triploblastic body
(b) solid mesoderm
(c) bilateral symmetry
(d) metamorphosis in the life history

Answer:
(b) solid mesoderm

Question 53.
Parthenogenesis can be seen in
(a) frog
(b) honey bee
(c) moth

(d) all of these

Answer:
(b) honey bee

Question 54.
The endocrine gland of insects, which secretes the juvenile hormone, is 
(a) corpora allata
(b) corpora albicans
(c) corpora myecaena
(d) all of these

Answer:
(a) corpora allata

Question 55.
Malpighian tubules are 
(a) excretory organs of insects
(b) respiratory organs of insects
(c) excretory organs of frog
(d) endocrine glands of insects

Answer:
(a) excretory organs of insects

Question 56.
In mollusca, eye is present over a stalk called
(a) osphradium
(b) ostracum
(c) ommatophore
(d) operculum

Answer:
(c) ommatophore

Question 57.
Which of the following symmetries is found in adult sea anemone?
(a) Radial

(b) Biradial
(c) Bilateral
(d) Spherical

Answer:
(a) Radial

Question 58.
Feeding in sponges takes place through
(a) choanocytes
(b) nurse cells
(c) ostia
(d) osculum

Answer:
(a) choanocytes

Question 59.
Osphradium is meant for 
(a) excretion
(b) nutrition
(c) selection and rejection of food
(d) grinding of food

Answer;
(c) selection and rejection of food

Question 60.
Excretory product of spider is
(a) uric acid
(b) ammonia
(c) guanine
(d) none of these

Answer:
(c) guanine

Question 61.
Which of the following is not the character of Taenia soliuml 

(a) Polysis
(b) Proglottid
(c) Metamerism
(d) Strobila

Answer:
(c) Metamerism

Question 62.
Daphnia is commonly known as 
(a) clam shrimp
(b) fairy shrimp
(c) water fleas
(d) tadpole shrimp

Answer:
(c) water fleas

Question 63.
Wuchereria is found in
(a) lymph nodes
(b) lungs
(c) eye
(d) gonds

Answer:
(a) lymph nodes

Question 64.
"Turbellarians" are free living
(a) flatworms
(b) trematodes
(c) nematodes
(d) cesrtodes

Answer:
(a) flatworms

Question 65.
Polyp phase is absent in 

(a) Physalia
(b) Obselia
(c) Hydra
(d) Aurelia

Answer:
(d) Aurelia

Question 66.
Animals having pseudocoelomate and triploblastic nature are present in phyla
(a) annelida
(b) arthropoda
(c) aschelminthes
(d) platyhelminthes

Answer:
(c) aschelminthes

Question 67.
Primitive nervous system is formed in
(a) sponge
(b) cnidaria (coelenterate)
(c) echinodermata
(d) annelida

Answer:
(b) cnidaria (coelenterate)

Question 68.
Tissues are absent in the body of 
(a) sponge
(b) annelida
(c) platyhelminthes
(d) arthropoda

Answer:
(a) sponge

Question 69.
Linmulus belongs to class
(a) onychophora
(b) insect
(c) merostomata
(d) Crustacea

Answer:
(c) merostomata

Question 70.
Ambulacral system is mainly useful for
(a) locomotion
(b) feeding
(c) circulation
(d) defence

Answer:
(b) feeding

Question 71.
Which of the following is a excretory organ in mollusca?
(a) Keber's organ
(b) nephridia
(c) Malpighian organ
(d) Flame cells

Answer:
(a) Keber's organ

Question 72.
Mouth parts of housefly are
(a) Piercing and sucking type
(b) Biting and sucking type
(c) Sponging and sucking type
(d) biting and chewing type

Answer:
(c) Sponging and sucking type

Question 73.
Anus is absent in
(a) Periplaneta
(b) Unio
(c) Fasciola
(d) Pheretima

Answer:
(c) Fasciola

Question 74.
Asymmetry in gastropoda is due to
(a) twisting
(b) torsion
(c) coiling
(d) none of these

Answer:
(b) torsion

Question 75.
The pigment haemocyanin is found in
(a) mollusca
(b) chordate
(c) echinodermata
(d) annelida

Answer:
(a) mollusca

Question 76.
The development of adult characteristics in a moulting insect is promoted by
(a) pheromone
(b) thyroxine
(c) juvenile hormone
(d) ecdysone

Answer:
(d) ecdysone

Question 77.
If you are given an insect, a spider, a Peripatus and a crab, based on which character you can identify an arachnid from others?
(a) one pair of legs
(b) sense organs
(c) four pairs of legs
(d) number of wings

Answer:
(c) four pairs of legs

Question 78.
Choanocytes perform
(a) reproduction
(b) nutrition
(c) discretion of spicules
(d) excretion

Answer:
(b) nutrition

Question 79.
Common characteristics of cockroach, housefly and mosquito are
(a) one pair each of wings and halters
(b) three pairs of legs and one pair of developed wings
(c) two pair of legs and two compound eye
(d) compound and simple eyes

Answer:
(a) one pair each of wings and halters

Question 80.
The secondary host of Taenia is
(a) snail
(b) pig
(c) man
(d) dog

Answer:
(b) pig

Question 81.
The exoskeleton of insect is made up of
(a) pectin
(b) lignin
(c) chitin
(d) suberin

Answer:
(c) chitin

Question 82.
Collar cells are found in
(a) aschelminthes
(b) cnidaria
(c) arthropoda
(d) sponges

Answer:
(d) sponges

Question 83.
Ommatidia are the units that constitute the compound eyes in 
(a) Fish '
(b) Insects
(c) Mammals
(d) Birds

Answer:
(b) Insects

Question 84.
Which of the following animals possesses ink gland?
(a) Blue Whale
(b) Scorpion
(c) Sea Urchin
(d) Cuttle Fish

Answer:
(d) Cuttle Fish

Question 85.
Comb plates are present in 
(a) echinoderms
(b) ctenophores
(c) annelids
(d) molluscs

Answer:
(b) ctenophores

Question 86.
Which of the following does not belong to phylum cnidaria?
(a) Sea pen
(b) Sea lily
(c) Sea-fan
(d) Sea anemone

Answer:
(b) Sea lily

Question 87.
Protonephridia are the excretory structures present in 
(a) Planaria
(b) Roundworm
(c) Tapeworm
(d) Prawn

Answer:
(a) Planaria

Question 88.
Which of the following is not an annelid?
(a) Leech
(b) Earthworm
(c) Sea mouse
(d) Sea cucumbers

Answer:
(d) Sea cucumbers

Question 89.
Blood worms are the larvae of 
(a) Hirudinaria
(b) Chironomus
(c) Limulus
(d) Daphnia

Answer:
(b) Chironomus

Question 90.
Pick the odd pair 
(a) Porifera : spicules
(b) Scyphozoan : coral reef
(c) Nematode : pseudocoelomate
(d) Cestoda : proglottid

Answer:
(b) Scyphozoan : coral reef

Question 91.
Insect metamorphosis having larval stage is called
(a) Incomplete metamorphosis
(b) Retrogressive metamorphosis
(c) Heteromorphosis
(d) Complete metamorphosis

Answer:
(d) Complete metamorphosis

Question 92.
Which of the following is not an insect?
(a) Cockroach
(b) Spider
(c) Mosquito
(d) Bedbug

Answer:
(b) Spider

Question 93.
Which of the following enters intestine by penetrating through skin? 
(a) Hook worm
(b) Ascaris
(c) Pin worm
(d) Filarialworm

Answer:
(a) Hook worm

Question 94.
In nemathelminthes the coelom is not lined by peritoneum is 
(a) acoelom
(b) pseudocoelom
(c) enterocoelom
(d) haemocoel

Answer:
(b) pseudocoelom

Question 95.
Leech secretes which of the following anticoagulant? 
(a) Hirudin
(b) Heparin
(c) Serotonin
(d) Histamine

Answer:
(a) Hirudin

Question 96.
Canal system in porifera is not concerned with 
(a) respiration
(b) nutrition
(c) sexual reproduction
(d) none of these

Answer:
(c) sexual reproduction

Question 97.
Johnston's organ is present in 
(a) antenna of insect
(b) head of cockroach
(c) abdomen of housefly
(d) abdomen of spider

Answer:
(a) antenna of insect

Question 98.
Which of the following is not an arachnid? 
(a) Spider
(b) Itchmite
(c) Louse
(d) Tick

Answer:
(c) Louse

Question 99.
Fasciola hepatica is 
(a) hermaphrodite self fertilizing
(b) hermaphrodite, cross fertilizing
(c) unisexual
(d) both (a) and (b)

Answer:
(d) both (a) and (b)

Question 100.
Match the excretory organs listed under column I with the animals given under column II. Choose the answer which gives the correct combination of alphabets of the column.

(a) $A-q ; B-1 ; C-s ; D-r$
(b) $A=s ; B=q ; C=p ; D=t$
(c) $A-1 ; B-q ; C-s ; D-r$.
(d) $A=q ; B=s ; C=t ; D=p$

Answer:
(a) $A-q ; B-1 ; C-s ; D-r$

Question 101.
Entomology is concerned with the study of
(a) formation and properties of soil
(b) agricultural practices
(c) various aspects of human life
(d) various aspects of insects.

Answer:
(d) various aspects of insects.

Question 102.
Which phylum of the animal kingdom is exclusively marine? 
(a) Porifera
(b) Arthropoda
(c) Echinodermata
(d) Molluscs

Answer:
(c) Echinodermata

Question 103.
Study of ticks and mites is
(a) Acarology
(b) Entomology
(c) Malacology

(d) Carcinology

Answer:
(a) Acarology

Question 104.
Larva of mosquito is
(a) maggot
(b) caterpillar
(c) grub
(d) none of these

Answer:
(d) none of these

Question 105.
Transparent hairs on catkins and caterpillars function to?
(a) Trap heat
(b) Trap moisture
(c) Reflect light
(d) Drink water

Answer:
(b) Trap moisture

Question 106.
Which of the following traits is not the characteristic of echinodermata?
(a) Water vascular system
(b) Trochophore larva
(c) Aristotle's lantern
(d) Radial and indeterminate cleavage

Ans.
(b) Trochophore larva

Question 107.
Which of the following is pseudocoelomate?
(a) Nematode
(b) Chordate
(c) Echinodermata

(d) Arthropoda

Answer:
(a) Nematode

Question 108.
Which is not correct for sponges?
(a) Internal fertilization
(b) External fertilization
(c) Gemmule formation
(d) Gametes are formed from epidemial cells.

Answer:
(b) External fertilization

Question 109.
Triploblastic, schizocoelic and unsegmented soft bodied animals belongs to the phylum
(a) annelid
(b) mollusca
(c) nemathelminthes
(d) none of the above

Answer:
(b) mollusca

Question 110.
Which one of the following animals belongs to the phylum cnidaria? 
(a) Silver fish
(b) Squid
(c) Jelly fish
(d) Echidna

Answer:
(c) Jelly fish

Question 111.
Palaemon (prawn) is a
(a) fish

(b) insect
(c) soft shell mollusca
(d) crustacean

Answer:
(d) crustacean

Question 112.
Tapeworm occurs as a parasite in
(a) liver
(b) stomach
(c) intestine
(d) all of these

Answer:
(c) intestine

Question 113.
What distinguishes an insect from crustacean?
(a) number of eyes
(b) arrangement of nerve cords
(c) number of appendages
(d) presence of wings.

Answer:
(c) number of appendages

Question 114.
Leeches are usually 
(a) herbivorous
(b) insectivorous
(c) carnivorous
(d) sanguvorous

Answer:
(d) sanguvorous

Question 115.
Wuchereria bancrofti is a common filarial worm. It belongs to the phylum 

(a) Platyhelminthes
(b) Nemathelminthes
(c) Annelid
(d) Coelenterate

Answer:
(b) Nemathelminthes

Question 116.
The dioecius animal is

(a) Liver fluke
(b) Aurelia
(c) Tapeworm
(d) Earthworm

Answer:
(b) Aurelia

Question 117.
Malpighian tiihuies remove excretory products from
(a) Mouth
(b) Haemolymph
(c) Oesophagus
(d) Alimentary canal

Answer:
(b) Haemolymph

Question 118.
Which of the following cell type is capable of giving rise to other ccli types in sponges?
(a) Pinacocytes
(b) Archaeocytes
(c) Thesocytes
(d) Collencytes

Answer:
(b) Archaeocytes

Question 119.
The infective stage of Entarnoeba histolytica is
(a) cyst
(b) spore
(c) egg
(d) trophozoite

Answer;
(d) trophozoite

Question 120.
Gonads of Obelia occur in
(a) on blastocyst
(b) in hydrula stage
(c) radial canals of medusa
(d) bases of entacies of medusa

Answer:
(c) radial canals of medusa

Question 121.
Which one of the following features is common to leech, cockroach and scorpion?
(a) nephridia
(b) ventral nerve cord
(c) cephalization
(d) antennae

Answer:
(b) ventral nerve cord

Question 122.
Excretory organs of flatworms are
(a) Malpighian tubules
(b) Neprons
(c) Protonephridia
(d) Nnepridia

Answer:
(c) Protonephridia

Question 123.
Sea cucumbers belong to class
(a) Echinoidea
(b) Ilolothuroidea
(c) Ophiuroidea
(d) Asteroidean

Answer:
(b) Holothuroidea

Question 124.
One of the following is a very unique feature of the mammals
(a) Homeothermy
(b) Presence of diaphragam
(c) Four chambered heart
(d) Rib cage

Answer:
(b) Presence of diaphragam

Question 125.
Uricotelisum is found 
(a) Mammals and birds
(b) Fishes and fresh water protozoans
(c) Birds, reptiles and insects
(d) Frogs and toads

Answer:
(c) Birds, reptiles and insects

Question 126.
Which one of the following characters is not typical of the class mammalian?
(a) Thecodont dentition
(b) Alveolar lungs
(C) Ten pairs of cranial nerves
(d) Seven cervical vertebrate

Answer:
(c) Ten pairs of cranial nerves

Question 127.
Which one of the following in birds, indicates their reptilian ancestry? 
(a) Two special chambers crop and gizzard in their digestive tract
(b) Eggs with a calcareous shell
(c) Scales on their hind limbs
(d) Four - chambered heart

Answer:
(e) Scales on their hind limbs

Question 128.
Which one of the following pairs of animals comprises 'Jawless fishes'?
(PMT2009)
(a) Mackerals and rohu
(b) Lampreys and hag fishes
(c) Guppies and hag fishes
(d) Lampreys and eels

Answer:
(b) Lampreys and hag fishes

Question 129.
Camouflage of chameleon is associated with
(a) Chromoplast
(b) Chromosome
(c) Chromatophore
(d) Chromomere

Answer:
(c) Chromatophore

Question 130.
In fast swimming fishes, propulsion is due to
(a) Pelvic fin
(b) Pectoral fin

(c) Dorsal fin
(d) Caudal fin

Answer:
(d) Caudal fin

Question 131.
Body temperature of cold blooded animals 
(a) Is constant
(b) Fluctuates with surrounding temperature
(c) Becomes very low (a) times
(d) Is very cold

Answer:
(b) Fluctuates with surrounding temperature

Question 132.
Which of the following is an egg laying mammal? 
(a) Kangaroo
(b) Platypus
(c) Penguin
(d) Whale

Answer:
(b) Platypus

Question 133.
Which of the following are uricotelic animals?
(a) rohu and frog
(b) camel
(c) lizard and crow
(d) earthworm and eagle

Answer:
(c) lizard and crow

Question 134.
Which of the following does not come under the class mammals? 
(a) flying fox

(b) hedgehog
(c) manatee
(d) lamprey

Answer:
(d) lamprey

Question 135.
Which of the following is concerned with the formation of urea in rabbit? 
(a) spleen
(b) kidney
(c) blood
(d) liver

Answer:
(d) liver

Question 136.
Lateral line is present in
(a) dog fish
(b) jelly fish
(c) star fish
(d) none of these

Answer:
(a) dog fish

Question 137.
The largest and heaviest mammals in the world is 
(a) blue whale
(b) elephant
(c) lion
(d) tiger

Answer:
(a) blue whale

Question 138.
Ichthyophis is a member of 

(a) amphibian
(b) mollusca
(c) reptilian
(d) annelid

Answer:
(a) amphibian

Question 139.
Renal portal system is absent in 
(a) reptiles
(b) amphibians
(c) reptiles and amphibians
(d) birds

Answer:
(b) amphibian

Question 140.
Bone marrow is absent in 
(a) reptilian
(b) amphibian
(c) fishes
(d) birds

Answer:
(d) birds

Question 141.
Urea is formed in which organ of rabbit? 
(a) liver
(b) kidney
(c) spleen
(d) lung

Answer:
(a) liver

Question 142.
Which of the following is not classified as amphibian?

(a) frog
(b) salamander
(c) tortoise
(d) ichthiophis

Answer:
(c) tortoise

Question 143.
The excretory material of bony fish is
(a) urea
(b) protein
(c) ammonia
(d) amino acid

Answer:
(c) ammonia

Question 144.
Limbless amphibians belong to the order
(a) anura
(b) urodela
(c) gymnophiona
(d) lissamphibia

Answer:
(c) gymnophiona

Question 145.
Which of the following snakes is non-poisonous?.
(a) cobra
(b) krait
(c) viper
(d) python

Answer:
(d) python

Question 146.
Placoid scales are found in

(a) reptilia
(b) bony fishes
(c) cartilaginous fishes
(d) amphibians

Answer:
(c) cartilaginous fishes

Question 147.
Which of the following is a correct sequence of decreasing order of number of species? 
(a) aves, pisces, reptiles, amphibians, mammals
(b) pisces, aves, reptiles, mammals, amphibians
(c) pisces, mammals, reptiles, amphibians, aves
(d) amphibians, aves, pisces, mammals, reptiles

Answer:
(b) pisces, aves, reptiles, mammals, amphibians

Question 148.
Excretory organ in Balanoglossus are
(a) nephridia
(b) antennary gland
(c) collar cord
(d) proboscis gland

Answer:
(d) proboscis gland

Question 149.
Reptiles share which of the following character with birds and mammals?
(a) Amnion
(b) Homeothermy
(c) Diaphragm
(d) Hippie

Answer:
(a) Amnion

Question 150.
Cowper's gland is present in 
(a) Frog
(b) Earthworm
(c) Rabbit
(d) Cockroach

Answer:
(c) Rabbit

Question 151.
Which of the following pairs belong to the category of cold blooded animals?
(DPMT 1998)
(a) bat \& rat
(b) snakes \& birds
(c) frog \& snakes
(d) birds \& monkey

Answer:
(c) frog \& snakes

Question 152.
The character of birds without exception is
(a) omnivorous
(b) beak without teeth
(c) flying wings
(d) lay eggs with calcareous shells

Answer:
(b) beak without teeth

Question 153.
Quill feathers (a) the base of quill wings are called 
(a) remiges
(b) coverts
(c) barbules
(d) down feathers

Answer:
(a) remiges

Question 154.
Which of the following pair of organisms are uricotelic?
(a) cartilaginous fishes and mammals
(b) reptiles and mammals
(c) birds and insects
(d) bony fishes and lizards

Answer:
(c) birds and insects

Question 155.
In the urinogenital organs of rabbit which one of following part is present in male but not in female? 
(a) Urethra
(b) Fallopian tube
(c) Vagina
(d) Vas deferens

Answer:
(d) Vas deferens

Question 156.
Which one of the following features is present in some stage of the life history of all chordates?
(a) Blood flowing forward in dorsal blood vessel
(b) Pharyngeal gill slits
(c) A ventral hollow nerve cord
(d) Heart lying dorsally

Answer:
(b) Pharyngeal gill slits

Question 157.
Thoracic cage in rabbit is made up of 
(a) Ribs, vertebral column \& diaphragm
(b) Ribs, diaphragm \& sternum
(c) Vertebral column, diaphragm \& sternum
(d) Ribs, vertebral column \& sternum

Answer:
(d) Ribs, vertebral column \& sternum

Question 158.
Which of the following has exoskeleton of scales and paired copulatory organ or penis? 
(a) Sharks
(b) Lizards
(c) Urodela
(d) Urochordata

Answer:
(b) Lizards

Question 159.
Laterally compressed tail is found in
(a) Fresh water snakes
(b) Terrestrial snakes
(c) Marine non-poisonous snakes
(d) Marine poisonous snakes

Answer:
(d) Marine poisonous snakes

Question 160.
Which of the following is characteristic feature of fishes?
(a) Tail and venous heart
(b) Epidermal scales and tail
(c) Venous heart and gills
(d) Epidcrmal scales and gills

Answer:
(c) Venous heart and gills

Question 161.
Similarity between fish and tadpole is
(a) Scales
(b) Legs
(c) Lateral line

(d) Fins

Answer:
(c) Lateral line

Question 162.
Four-chambered heart is present in
(a) frog
(b) crocodile
(c) shark
(d) lizard

Answer:
(b) crocodile

Question 163.
Right aortic arch is present in
(a) reptiles only
(b) mammals only
(c) birds only
(d) both birds and mammals

Answer:
(c) birds only

Question 164.
Kidney of adult reptiles are 
(a) mesonephric
(b) metanephric
(c) pronephnc
(d) both (a) and (b)

Answer:
(b) metanephric

Question 165.
Marine fishes drink sea water to 
(a) meet their body salt requirements
(b) compensate loss of water from their body
(c) flush out nitrogenous wastes from their body

(d) achieve all of the above

Answer:
(d) achieve all of the above

Question 166.
In which of the following fishes the males have brood pouch, where eggs laid by the female remain till they hatch?
(a) Lung fish
(b) Climbing perch
(c) Salmon
(d) Sea horse

Answer:
(d) Sea horse

Question 167.
Match the names of branches of science listed under column-I with the field study given under column-II choose the choice which gives the correct combination of the alphabets 

(a) $A-s, B-p, C-q, D-r$
(b) $A-q, B-s, C-r, D-q$
(c) $A-s, B-q, C-p, D-r$
(d) $A-p, B-s, C-r, D-q$

Answer:
(a) $A-s, B-p, C-q, D-r$

Question 168.
Identify the edible fresh water teleosts
(a) Sharks
(b) Rays and skates
(c) Hilsa ilisha
(d) Catla catla

Answer:
(d) Catla catla

Question 169.
Turtles are
(a) Pisces
(b) Reptiles
(c) Molluscans
(d) Arthropods

Answer:
(b) Reptiles

Question 170.
Harversian systems are found in the bones of
(a) Pigeon
(b) Panther
(c) Pipe fish
(d) Python

Answer:
(b) Panther

Question 171.
Choose the correct combination of alphabets which matches the zoological names given under column I with their common names given under column-II

(a) $A-F, B-G, C-E, D-H$
(b) $A-G, B-E, C-H, D-F$
(c) $A-F, B-E, C-H, D-G$
(d) $A-F, B-E, C-G, D-H$

Answer:
(c) $A-F, B-E, C-H, D-G$

Question 172.
Which of the following statements is true? 
(a) All chordates are vertebrates
(b) All vertebrates are chordates
(c) Invertebrates possess a tubular nerve cord
(d) Non-chordates have a vertebral column

Answer:
(b) All vertebrates are chordates

Question 173.
Choose the cat fish from the following
(a) Cirrhina mriga / a
(b) Wa / logo atiti
(c) Lobeo rohita
(d) Catia calla

Answer:
(b) Wallago allu

Question 174.
A four chambered heart is not found in
(a) Mammals
(b) Birds
(c) Snake
(d) Crocodile

Answer:
(c) Snake

Question 175.
Calotes versicolor is 
(a) House lizard
(b) Rock lizard
(c) Garden lizard
(d) Flying lizard

Answer:
(c) Garden lizard

Question 176.
Scientific name of king cobra is
(a) Naja naja
(b) Amphibians
(c) Naja Hannah
(d) Vipera russelli

Answer:
(c) Naja Hannah

Question 177.
Branch of zoology dealing with the study of amphibians and reptiles is called 
(a) Ichthyology
(b) Ornithology
(c) Herpetology
(d) Malacology

Answer:
(c) Herpetology

Question 178.
Adaptation of colour vision is found in 
(a) Mammals
(b) Aves
(c) Reptiles
(d) All of these

Answer:
(d) All of these

Question 179.
Epidemial scale is the characteristic feature of class reptilian, which of the following class is without epidermal scale? 
(a) Fish
(b) Aves
(c) Mammals
(d) Amphibians

Answer:
(d) Amphibians

Question 180.
Duck-billed platypus is a connecting link between
(a) Reptile and bird
(b) Living and non-living
(c) Reptile and mammal
(d) Echinodermata and chordate

Answer:
(c) Reptile and mammal

Question 181.
Which of the following is a egg laying mammal? 
(a) Dolphin
(b) Platypus
(c) Whale
(d) Walrus

Answer:
(b) Platypus

Question 182.
In sharks, one of the following is absent
(a) Claspers
(b) Placoid scales
(c) Cartilaginous endoskeleton
(d) Air bladder

Answer:
(d) Air bladder

Question 183.
Which one of the following animals belongs to cyclostomata?
(a) Channa
(b) Loris
(c) Dodo
(d) Pertomyzon

Answer:
(d) Pertomyzon

Question 184.
Which of the following is dominant in desert?
(a) Lizard
(b) Tiger
(c) Leopard
(d) Hyla

Answer:
(a) Lizard

Question 185.
Two examples in which the nitrogenous wastes are excreted from body in the form of uric acid are
(a) birds and lizards
(b) insects and bony fishes
(c) mammals and molluscs
(d) frogs and cartilaginous fishes

Answer:
(a) birds and lizards

Question 186.
The arrangement of ear ossicles in mammalian ear is
(a) stapes, malleus, incus
(b) malleus, incus, stapes
(c) incus, malleus, stapes
(d) columella, inatleus, incus

Answer:
(b) malleus, incus, stapes

Question 187.
Snake has
(a) movable eyelids
(b) immovable eyelids
(c) no cyclids

(d) eyelids in pouches

Answer:
(b) immovable eyelids

Question 188.
Which among these is correct combination of aquatic mammals? 
(a) Dolphins, Seals, Trygon
(b) Whales, Dolphin, Seals
(c) Trygon, Whales, Seals
(d) Seals, Dolphin, Sharks

Answer:
(b) Whales, Dolphin, Seals

Question 189.
In case of poriferance, the spongocoel is lined with flagellated cells called 
(a) Oscula
(b) Coenocytes
(c) Mesenchymal cells
(d) Ostia

Answer:
(b) Coenocytes

Question 190.
Which is the National Aquatic animal of India? 
(a) River Dolphin
(b) Blue whale
(c) Sca horse
(d) Gangetic shark

Answer:
(a) River Dolphin

Question 191.
An important characteristic that Hernichordates share with chordates is
(a) Ventral tubular nerve chord

(b) Pharynx with gill slits
(c) Pharynx without gill slits
(d) Absence of notochord

Answer:
(a) Ventral tubular nerve chord

Additional Questions \& Answers
Multiple Choice Question And Answer
Choose the correct answer
Question 1.
Which of the following has loose aggregates of cells without tissues?
(a) cnidarians
(b) flatworms
(c) sponges
(d) echinodenns

Answer:
(c) sponges

Question 2.
Which of the following has open type of circulation?
(a) frogs
(b) garden lizard
(c) man
(d) cockroach

Answer:
(d) cockroach

Question 3.
Which of the following is advantageous for the animals in locomotion, food capture etc.?
(a) asymmetrical
(b) radially symmetrical
(c) biradially symmetrical
(d) bilaterally symmetrical

Answer:
(d) bilaterally symmetrical

Question 4.
Which of the following restricts the free movement of internal organs?
(a) acoelom
(b) pseudocoelom
(c) schizocoelom
(d) enterocoelom

Answer:
(a) acoelom

Question 5.
Radiata include
(a) Diploblastic and bilaterally symmetrical animals
(b) Triploblastic and radially symmetrical animals
(c) Diploblastic and radially symmetrical animals
(d) Triploblastic and bilaterally symmetrical animals

Answer:
(c) Diploblastic and radially symmetrical animals.

Question 6.
The minute pores on the body of sponges are called
(a) oseuliem
(b) ostia
(c) choanocytes
(d) spongocoel

Answer:
(b) ostia

Question 7.
Which of the following statements is correct?
(a) Polyp forms are free-living
(b) Medusa forms are sessile
(c) Medusa produces gametes
(d) Polyp reproduces sexually

Answer:
(c) Medusa produces gametes

Question 8.
Which of the following is the adaptation of flatworms for the endoparasitic mode of life?
(a) They are dorsoventrally flattened
(b) They have hooks, suckers or both
(c) Their body is not segmented
(d) They reproduce sexually

Answer:
(b) They have hooks, suckers or both

Question 9.
Sexual dimorphism is seen in -
(a) Sycon
(b) Hydra
(c) Liver flukes
(d) Ascaris

Answer:
(d) Ascaris

Question 10.
Which of the following shows metamerically segmented body?
(a) Aschelminthes
(b) Annelida
(c) Arthropoda
(d) Platyhelminthes

Answer:
(b) Annelida

Question 11.
Which of the following is the characteristic feature of the phylum Arthropoda?
(a) They have segmented legs
(b) They have collablasts for food capture
(c) They are end oparasites of animals

(d) They do not have chitinous exoskeleton

Answer:
(a) They have segmented legs

Question 12.
Which of the following is the rasping organ of molluscs found in the mouth?
(a) radula
(b) pallium
(c) misceral mass
(d) mantle

Answer;
(a) radula

Question 13.
Which of the following is bilaterally symmetrical in larval stages and radially symmetrical in adult?
(a) Molluscs
(b) Echinoderms
(c) Arthropods
(d) Annelids

Answer:
(b) Echinoderms

Question 14.
Which of the following has the anterior proboscis, collar and trunk?
(a) Ascidian
(b) Star fish
(c) Sea cucumber
(d) Balanoglossus

Answer:
(d) Balanoglossus

Question 15.
Urochordate means
(a) Chordates which have notochord in the head region
(b) Chordates which have notochord in the tail region of larval forms

(c) Chordates which have notochord in the tail region of adults
(d) Chordates which have no notochord

Answer:
(b) Chordates which have notochord in the tail region of larval forms.

Question 16.
Which of the following loses all the chordate characters in the adult stage?
(a) Cephalochordates
(b) Hemichordates
(c) Tunicates
(d) Chordates

Answer:
(c) Tunicates

Question 17.
Which of the following has cartilagenous endoskeleton with notochord?
(a) Exocoetus
(b) Labeo
(c) Hyla
(d) Scolidon

Answer:
(d) Scolidon

Question 18.
Which is the class of animals adapted for dual mode of life?
(a) Pisces
(b) Amphibia
(c) Reptilia
(d) Mammalia

Answer:
(b) Amphibia

Question 19.
Which of the following is the flight adaptation of birds?
(a) Pneumatic bones and strong flight muscles
(b) Homeothermic condition

(c) Migration to distant places
(d) Presence of homy covering on the beak

Answer:
(a) Pneumatic bones and strong flight muscles

Question 20.
Which of the following are truly terrestrial animals?
(a) Lung fishes
(b) Amphibians
(c) Mammals
(d) Reptiles

Answer:
(d) Reptiles

II Give Reasons
Question 1.
Closed type of circulation is advanced.
Answer:
Closed type of circulation is found in higher organisms like prochordates and vertebrates. The invertebrates have open type of circulation except annelids. The closed type of circulation is advanced because blood flows in blood vessels. There is a clear separation of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood.

Question 2.
Pseudocoelomates are more advanced than acoelomates.
Answer:
Acoelomates do not have body cavity. Their body is solid and hence the movement of internal organs is restricted. Pseudocoelomates have pseudocoelomic fluid in the pseudocoelom. It acts as a hydrostatic skeleton and allows free movement of visceral organs and circulation of nutrients.

Question 3.
Sponges are primitive animals.
Answer:
Sponges have cellular grade of organisation. Tissues are not formed. The cells are loosely arranged. The division of labour is found among the group of cells.

Question 4.
Bioluminence is advantageous to ctenophores.
Answer:
Ctenophores are exclusively marine. They emit light. It helps the animals in finding food, mate and escape from the predators.

Question 5.
Tape worm and liver fluke are not destroyed by the digestive juices secreted by human beings.
Answer:
The body of helminth parasites is covered by a thick covering called tegument.
This protects the worms. They have hooks, suckers or both for attachment.
Question 6.
All vertebrates are chordates but all chordates are not vertebrates.
Answer:
All Vertebrates have notochord during embryonic development. Later it is replaced by the vertebral column. But in lower chordates like prochordates, vertebral column is not present. They have only notochord in the adult or larval stage. Hence it is said that all vertebrates are chordates but all chordates do not have vertebrate characters

Answer the following
Questions 1.
Distinguish invertebrates and chordates.
Answer:
Invertebrates:
- The major group of animals which do not have notochord or vertebral column are Invertebrates.
- These are lower animals.

Chordates:
- The major group of animals which have notochord or vertebral column are chordates.

- These are higher animals.

Question 2.
Distinguish between invertebrates and vertebrates.
Answer:
Invertebrates:
- The major group of animals which do not have notochord or vertebral column are Invertebrates.
- These are lower animals.

Vertebrates:
- The major group of animals which have vertebral column are vertebrates
- These are higher animals.

Question 3.
What are choanocytes?
Answer:
The inner layer of sponges have a special type of cells called choanocytes.
These flagellated collar cells create and maintain water flow through the sponge. It helps in respiration and digestion.

Question 4.
Distinguish between open type of circulation and closed type of circulation.
Answer:
Open Type of circulation:
- The circulation in which blood remains filled in tissue spaces is known as open type of circulation.
- This is seen in lower organisms, e.g. arthropods, molluscs echinoderms and urochordates.

Closed type of circulation:
- The circulation in which blood flows inside the blood vessels is known as closed type of circulation.

- This is seen in higher organisms, e.g. Annelids, cephalochordates and vertebrates.

Question 5.
Distinguish between Diploblastic animals and triploblastic animals.
Answer:
Diploblastic animals:
- The animals in which the cells are arranged in two embryonic layers, the ectoderm and endoderm are called diploblastic animals.
- These are lower organisms, e.g. Cnidaria and ctenophora

Triploblastic animals:
- The animals in which the cells are arranged in three embryonic layers, the ectoderm, mesoderm and endoderm are called triploblastic animals.
- These are higher organisms, e.g. Platyhelminthes to mammalia.

Question 6.
What are asymmetrical animals?
Answer:
The animals which lack a definite body plan and any plane passing through the center of the body does not divide them into two equal halves are known as asymmetrical animals, e.g. Sponges.

Question 7.
What is radial symmetry?
Answer:
When any plane passing through the central axis of the body divides an organism into two identical parts, it is called radial symmetry, e.g. Cnidarian.

Question 8.
What is bilateral symmetry?
Answer:
The symmetry in which the animals have two similar halves on either side of the central place is bilateral symmetry, e.g. Flatworms and annelids.

Question 9.
What is biradial symmetry?
Answer:
The symmetry in which the animals have two planes of symmetry, longitudinal and sagittal axis and longitudinal and transverse axis is biradial symmetry, e.g. Ctenophores.

Question 10.
What are the advantages of bilateral symmetrical animals?
Answer:
The bilaterally symmetrical animals can seek food, locate mates, escape from predators and move more efficiently. These animals have dorsal ventral sides and anterior, posterior ends, right and left sides. They exhibit cephalization with sense organs and brain at the anterior end of the animal.

Question 11.
What are acoelomates?
Answer:
The animals which do not possess a body cavity are called acoelomates. The body is solid without perivisceral cavity. These have restricted free movement of internal organs, e.g. Flatworms.

Question 12.
What are pseudocoelomates?
Answer:
The animals which have the body cavity that is not fully lined by the mesodermal epithelium are called pseudocoelomates. The pseudocoel is filled with pseudocoelomic fluid. It acts as a hydrostatic skeleton and allows free movement of visceral organs and circulation of nutrients e.g. Roundworms.

Question 13.
What are eucoelomates?
Answer:
Eucoelomates are the animals which have true coelom that develops with the mesoderm and is lined by mesodermal epithelium called peritonium.

Question 14.
Distinguish between schizocoelomates and enterocoelomates
Answer:
Schizocoelomates:
In schizocoelometes, the body cavity is formed by splitting of mesoderm, e.g.
Annelids, arthropods and molluscs.
Enterocoelomates:
In enterocoelomates, the body cavity is formed from the mesodermal pouches of archenteron. e.g. Echinoderms, hemichordates and chordates.

Question 15.
Distinguish between parazoa and eunietazoa.
Answer:
Parazoa:
These include multicellular animals whose cells are loosely arranged without the formation of tissues or organs, e.g. Sponges

Eumetazoa:
These include multicellular animals with well defined tissues, organs and organ systems.

Question 16.
Distinguish between radiata and bilateria.
Answer:
Radiata:
- These include radially symmetrical animals.
- There are diploblastic e.g., Cnidarians and ctenophores

Bilateria:
- These include bilaterally symmetrical animals.
- There are triploblastic. e.g. Flat - worms

Question 17.
Distinguish between protostomia and deuterostomia.

Answer:
Protostomia:
- These include the eumetazoans in which embryonic blastopores develops into mouth.
- Acoelomata, pseudocoelomata and schizocoelomata are the three sub divisions of this division.

Deuterostomia:
- These include the cutnetazoans in which embryonic blastopore develops into anus.
- Enterocoelmata is the only one subdivision of this division.

Question 18.
What is canal system?
Answer:
The water transport system in sponges through which water enters through minute opores and goes out through the large opening called osculum. It helps in nutrition, circulation, respiration and excretion.

Question 19.
Distinguish between ostia and osculum.
Answer:
Ostia:
- The minute pores lining the body wall of sponges are called ostia.
- Water enters through ostia.

Osculum:
- The large opening in sponges is called osculum.
- Water goes out through osculum.

Question 20.
What spongocoel?
Answer:
The central cavity of the sponges is called spongocoel.

Question 21.
What are choanocytes?
Answer:
Choanocytes are the collar cells lining the spongocoel and the canals of sponges. These are helpful in creating water current in sponges.

Question 22.
Distinguish between asexual reproduction and sexual reproduction.
Answer:
Asexual Reproduction:
- The reproduction without involvement of gametes is called Asexual Reproduction.
- Zygote is not formed.

Sexual Reproduction:
- The reproduction with the involvement of gametes is called sexual reproduction.
- Zygote is formed by the process called fertilization.

Question 23.
Name the larvae of sponges.
Answer:
Parenchymula and amphiblastula.
Question 24.
What is indirect development?
Answer:
The development with different types of larval stages is called indirect development.

Question 25.
What is holozoic nutrition?
Answer:
The nutrition in which solid food materials are taken in by animals is called holozoic nutrition.

Question 26.
What are cnidocytes or cnidoblasts or nematocysts?
Answer:
The stinging cells found on the tentacles of cnidarians are called cnidocytes or cnidoblasts or nematocysts. They are useful for anchorage, defense and capturing prey.

Question 27.
What is coelenteron?
Answer:
The central visceral cavity of cnidarians is called coelenteron.
Question 28.
Distinguish between polyp and medusa.
Answer:
Polyp:
- The sessile body form of cnidarians is called polyp.
- It is the asexual generation

Medusa:
- The free living body form of cnidarians is called medusa.
- It is the asexual generation

Question 29.
What is metagenesis or Alternation of generation?
Answer:
The cnidarians exhibit sexual and asexual forms that alternate with each other.
This is called metagenesis or Alternation of generation.
Question 30
Name the larva of cnidarians?
Answer:
Planula larva.

Question 31.
What are lasso cells or colloblasts?
Answer:
The special cells of ctenophores which helps in food capture are lasso cells or colloblasts.

Question 32.
Name the larva of ctenophores?
Answer:
Cydippid larva.
Question 33.
What are solanocytes?
Answer:
The specialized excretory cells of flatworms, flame cells are called solanocytes.
Question 34.
What are the larvae of flatworms?
Answer:
Miracidium, Sporocyst, redia, cercaria and metacercaria.
Question 35.
What is regeneration?
Answer:
The ability to regrow the lost parts is called regeneration, e.g. Planaria.
Question 36.
What is metamerism? -
Answer:
The body of annelids are divided into segments. This phenomenon is known as metamerism.

Question 37.
Name the respiratory pigments of annelids?
Answer:
Haemoglobin and chlorocruorin.

Question 38.
Name the larva of annelids.
Answer:
Trochophore larva.
Question 39.
What is moulting or ecdysis?
Answer:
The chitinous exoskeleton of arthropods is shed periodically. This process is known as moulting or ecdysis.

Question 40.
What are the respiratory organs of arthropods?
Answer:
Gills, Book gills, Book lungs and trachea.
Question 41.
Name the sensory organs of arthropods?
Answer:
Antennae, Simple and compound eyes and statocysts.
Question 42.
What are ctenidia?
Answer:
The feather like gills of molluscs are called ctenidia.
Question 43.
What is radula?
Answer:
The rasping organ found in the mouth of molluscs is called radula.
Question 44.
What is the function of ospharidium?
Answer:
Ospharidium are helpful to test the purity of water.

Question 45.
Name the respiratory pigment of molluscs.
Answer:
Haemocyanin, a copper containing pigment.
Question 46.
Name the larva of molluscs?
Answer:
Veliger larva.
Question 47.
What is water vascular system?
Answer:
The system which helps in nutrition and respiration in echinoderms is called water vascular system. Water enters into the body through special organs.

Question 48.
Name the larva of hemichordates?
Answer:
Tornaria larva.
Question 49.
What are urochordates?
Answer:
The chordates which have notochord only in the tail region of the larval stage are called urochordates e.g. Ascidian.

Question 50.
Distinguish between Agnatha and Gnathostomata.
Answer:
Agnatha:
- These include jawless fish-like aquatic vertebrates.
- They do not have paired appendages.

Gnathostomata:

- These include jawed vertebrates.
- They have paired appendages.

Question 51.
What are poikilothermic?
Answer:
The animals which change their body temperature according to the environment are called poikilothermic.

Question 52.
What is anadromous migration?
Answer:
The migration of marine fishes to fresh water body like rivers for spawning is known as anadromous migration.

Question 53.
Distinguish between oviparous and viviparous animals.
Answer:
Oviparous animals:
- The egg laying animals are known as oviparous animals.
- They lay eggs containing yolk for embryonic development e.g. birds.

Viviparous animals:
- The animals which give birth to young ones are called viviparous animals.
- The developing embryo derives nutrients from the parent, e.g. man

Question 54.
What are Ammonotelic animals?
Answer:
The animals which excrete ammonia dissolved in water are called ammonotelic animals. More water is spent, e.g. fishes.

Question 55.
What are ureotelic animals?

- These include jawed vertebrates.
- They have paired appendages.

Question 51.
What are poikilothermic?
Answer:
The animals which change their body temperature according to the environment are called poikilothermic.

Question 52.
What is anadromous migration?
Answer:
The migration of marine fishes to fresh water body like rivers for spawning is known as anadromous migration.

Question 53.
Distinguish between oviparous and viviparous animals.
Answer:
Oviparous animals:
- The egg laying animals are known as oviparous animals.
- They lay eggs containing yolk for embryonic development e.g. birds.

Viviparous animals:
- The animals which give birth to young ones are called viviparous animals.
- The developing embryo derives nutrients from the parent, e.g. man

Question 54.
What are Ammonotelic animals?
Answer:
The animals which excrete ammonia dissolved in water are called ammonotelic animals. More water is spent, e.g. fishes.

Question 55.
What are ureotelic animals?

Answer:
The animals which excrete urea along with water are called ureotelic animals. Less water is spent e.g. man.

Question 56.
What are urecotelic animals?
Answer:
The animals which excrete uric acid in the form of pellets are called urecotelic animals. Very less water is spent e.g. birds.

Question 57.
Distinguish between hibernation and aestivation.
Answer:
Hibernation:
- The dormancy period for animals during winter is called hibernation.
- It is known as winter sleep.

Aestivation:
- The dormancy period for animals during summer is called Aestivation.
- It is know as summer sleep.

Question 58.
Distinguish between cleidoic eggs and non-cleidoic eggs.
Answer:
Cleidoic eggs:
- The eggs which have a thick and hard outermost shell are cleidoic eggs.
- This is a terrestrial adaptation, e.g., Reptiles and birds.

Non Cleidoic eggs:
- The eggs Which do not have a protective shell are non - Cleidoic eggs
- This is seen in aquatic animals, e.g., Fishes, amphibians.

Question 59.
What is rhamphotheca?

Answer:
The homy covering on the beak of birds is called rhamphotheca.
Question 60.
Name some flightless birds.
Answer:
Ostrich, kiwi and penguin.
Question 61.
Distinguish between poikilothermic and homeothermic.
Answer:
Poikilothermic:
- The animals which change their body temperature according to the environment are called poikilothermic animals.
- These cold blooded animals, e.g., fishes, amphibians and reptiles.

Homeothermic:
- The animals which maintain constant body temperature irrespective of environmental changes are called homeothermic animals.
- These are warm blooded animals, e.g., birds and mammals.

Question 62.
Explain various patterns of organisation in animals.
Answer:
Animals exhibit different patterns of organisation:
Cellular level of organisation :
- Cells are loosely arranged without the formation of tissues.
- There is division of labour among the cells, e.g., sponges.

Tissue level of organisation :
- Cells which perform similar function are grouped into tissues.
- The tissues perform a common function, e.g., cnidarians.

Organ level of organisation :
Different kinds of tissues aggregate to form an organ to perform a specific function e.g., flatworms and other hyper phyla.

Organ system level of organisation :
- The tissues are organised to form organs and organ systems.
- All the organ system function in a coordinated manner.

Question 63.
Explain symmetry in animals.
Answer:
Symmetry is the body arrangement in which parts lie on opposite side of the axis are identical. If the animals lack a definite body plane or irregular shaped and any plane passing through the center of the body does not divide them into two equal halves, these are known as asymmetrical, e.g., sponges, adult gastropods.

When any plane passing through the central axis of the body divides an organism into two equal parts, it is known as radial symmetry. They have a top and bottom side, e.g., cnidarians. Echinoderms have five planes of symmetry and show pentamerous radial symmetry. Animals which have two pairs of symmetrical sides are biradially symmetrical. Animal which have two similar halves on either side of the control plane show bilateral symmetry.

Question 64.
Classify animals based on coelom.
Answer:
The cavity between the body wall and the gut wall is called coelom. If the animals do not have coelom, they are called acoelomates. e.g., flatworms. In some animals, the body cavity is not fully lined by the mesodermal epithelium. The mesoderm is formed as scattered pouches between the ectoderm and endoderm. Such a body cavity is called a pseudocoel. The animals which have pseudocoel e.g. round worms.

If the coelom develops within the mesoderm and is lined by mesodermal epithelium it is called eucoelom. The animals which have true coelom are

called eucoelomates. If the body cavity is formed by splitting of mesoderm, the animals are called schizocoelomates e.g., Annelids, arthropods and molluscs. If the body cavity is formed from the mesodermal ' pouches of archenteron, the animals are called enterocoelomate animals, e.g., echinoderms, hemichordates and chordates.

Question 65.
Classify the animal kingdom.
Answer:

Question 66.
Write the general characters of the phylum porifera.
Answer:
- They are aquatic, asymmetrical.
- They have pores all over the body.
- They are multicellular with cellular level of organisation. Tissues are not formed.
- They have canal system for circulation of water.
- They have skeleton made of calcareous or siliceous spicules.
- Nutrition is holozoic and digestion intracellular.
- Asexual reproduction by fragmentation and gemmule formation.
- Indirect development with parenchymula and amphiblastula larvae, e.g., Sycon and Spongilla.

Question 67.
Write the general characters of the phylum cnidaria.
Answer:
- The cnidaria are aquatic, radially symmetrical and diploblastic.
- The tentacles have stinging cells called cnidocytes or cnidoblasts or nematocysts.
- They exhibit tissue level of organisation.
- They have a central gastrovascular cavity called coelenderon.
- Digestion is by both extracellular and intracellular.
- Alternation of generation is seen in cnidarians which have polyp and medusa forms.

- Development is indirect with planula larva e.g. Physalia.

Question 68.
Write the general characters of the phylum ctenophora.
Answer:
- The animals are marine, diploblastic and radially symmetrical.
- They have eight external rows of ciliated comb plates which help in locomotion.
- Bioluminescence is seen.
- They lack nematocysts but have lasso cells which help in food capture.
- Digestion is by both extracellular and intracellular.
- Sexual reproduction is seen.
- Fertilization is external and development is indirect.
- Cydippid larva is seen, e.g., Pleurobrachia.

Question 69.
Write the general characters of flatworms.
Answer:
- The flatworms are flat, bilaterally symmetrical, triploblastic animals.
- These are acoelomates with organ system level of organisation.
- They are endoparasites. They have hooks or suckers or both.
- They show pseudosegmentation.
- Flame cells or solanocytes are the excretory cells.
- Sexes are not separate.
- Fertilization is internal. Development is indirect with many larval stages like miracidium sporocyst, redia, cercaria and metacercaria. e.g., Taenia and liver fluke.
Question 70.
Write the general characters of the phylum aschelminthes.
Answer:
- The body of these worms is circular.
- They are free living or parasite.
- They are triploblastic, pseudocoelomates with organ system level of organisation.
- Body is covered by cuticle.
- Digestive system is complete with mouth, pharynx and anus.
- Excretory system consists of rennet glands.
- Sexes are separate. Sexual dimorphism is seen.
- Fertilization is internal.
- Development may be direct or indirect, e.g., Ascaris.

Question 71.
Write the general characters of the phylum annelida.
Answer:
- They are aquatic or terrestrials, free living or parasitic.
- They are triploblastic, bilaterally symmetrical, schizocoelomates with organ system level of organisation.
- The body is metamerically segmented.
- Longitudinal and circular muscles help in locomotion.
- Closed type of circulation is seen.
- Respiratory pigments are present.
- Sexual reproduction is seen. Development is direct or indirect with a trochophore larva e.g., earthworm.

Question 72.
Write the general characters of the phylum arthropoda.
Answer:
- These are bilaterally symmetrical, triploblastic, schizocoelomate, segmented animals.
- They have organ system grade of organisation.
- They have jointed appendages.
- Body is covered by chitinous exoskeleton. Body is divided into head, thorax and abdomen.
- Body cavity is filled with colourless blood. It is called haemocoel.
- Respiratory organs are gills, book gills, book lungs, trachea.
- Open type circulation is seen.
- Sense organs are present.
- Fertilization is internal, e.g., Limulus and insects.

Question 73.
Write the general characters of the phylum mollusca.
Answer:
- Molluscs are terrestrial or aquatic with organ system level of organisation.
- They are triploblastic, bilaterally symmetrical, coelomate animals.
- Body is divided into head, foot and visceral hump.
- The digestive system is complete.
- Nephridia are the excretory organs.
- Open type of circulatory system is seen.
- Blood contains copper containing respiratory pigment called hemocyanin.
- They are oviparous.
- Development is indirect with a veliger larva, e.g., Pila and Octopus.

Question 74.
Write the general characters of the phylum echinodermata.
Answer:

- The adults are radially symmetrical but the larvae are bilaterally symmetrical.
- They have mesodermal endoskeleton of calcareous ossicles called spines.
- Water vascular system is present.
- Tube feet are the organs of locomotion, respiration and capture of food.
- The digestive system is complete with mouth on the ventral side and anus on the dorsal side.
- Excretory organ are absent.
- Open type of circulatory system is present.
- Reproduction is by sexual method.
- Fertilization is external.
- Indirect development with bilaterally symmetrical larval forms, e.g., starfish.

Question 75.
Write the general characters of hemichordata.
Answer:
- The Hemichordates have both invertebrate and vertebrate characters.
- They are worm like, tubiculous animals.
- They are bilaterally symmetrical, triploblastic coelomate animals with organ system level of organisation.
- The body is divided into proboscis, collar and trunk.
- They are ciliary feeders.
- Circulatory system is simple and open.
- Excretion is by a single proboscis gland or glomerulus situated in the proboscis.
- Sexes are separate.
- Fertilization is external.
- Development is indirect with tomaria larva, e.g., Balanoglossus.

Question 76.
Write the general characters of urochordates or tunicates.
Answer:

- They are marine, sessile, pelagic or free swimming.
- Body is unsegmented and covered by a test or tunic.
- Ault forms are sac like.
- Coelom is absent.
- Notochord is present only in the tail region of the larval stage.
- Heart is ventral and tubular.
- Nerve cord is present only in the larval stage.
- They are hermaphrodites and development is indirect with a free swimming tadpole larva.
- Retrogressive metamorphosis is seen e.g. Ascidia.

Question 77.
Write the general characters of cephalochordates.
Answer:
- They are marine found in shallow waters.
- They lead a burrowing mode of life.
- They are fish like with notochord, nerve cord and pharyngeal gill slits throughout their life.
- Closed type of circulatory system is seen without heart.
- Excretion is by protonephridia.
- Sexes are separate.
- Fertilization is external.
- Development is indirect with a larva e.g. Amphioxus.

Question 78.
Write the general character of the subphylum vertebrata.
Answer:
- The vertebrates have notochord during embryonic stage. In adult, it is replaced by vertebral column.,
- They have paired appendages.
- The skin is covered by protective skeleton like scales, feathers, hairs, claws, nails etc.
- Respiration is by gills, skin, buccopharyngeal cavity and lungs.
- They have a ventral heart with two, or three or four chambers.

Question 79.
Classify the subphylum Vertebrata.

Question 80.
Write the general characters of the class Cyclostomata.
Answer:
- They are primitive, poikilothermic, jawless aquatic vertebrates.
- Body is slender and eel-like with six to fifteen pairs of gill slips.
- Mouth is circular without jaws and suctorial.
- Heart is two chambered. Closed types of circulation is seen.
- No paired appendages.
- Cranium and vertebral column are cartilaginous, e.g. Petromyzon.

Question 81.
Write the general characters of the class chondrichthyes.
Answer:
- They are cartilaginous marine fishes. .
- Notochord is persistent throughout life.
- The skin is covered by dermal placoid. scales.
- Caudal fin is heterocercal.
- Jaws are powerful.
- Respiration is by lamelliform gills without operculum.
- Mesonephric kidneys are present.
- They have two chambered heart.
- They are ureotelic.
- They are poikilothermic and viviparous.
- Sexes are separate and fertilization is internal, e.g., Scoliodon.

Question 82.
Write the general characters of the class osteichthyes.
Answer:
- They are marine or freshwater fishes.
- They have bony endoskeleton.
- The body is spindle-shaped.
- The skin is covered by ganoid, cycloid or ctenoid scales.
- Respiration is by four pairs of gills covered by operculum.
- Air bladder is present which helps in gaseous exchange (lung fishes) for maintaining buoyancy.
- They have two chambered heart.
- They have mesonephric kidneys and ammonotelic.
- Lateral line sense organ is present.
- External fertilization is seen and most forms are oviparous e.g. Labeo and Catla.

Question 83.
Write the general characters of the class Amphibia.
Answer:
Amphibians are adapted to live both in water and on land.
- They are poikilothermic.
- The body is divisible into head and trunk.
- They have two pairs of limbs.
- The skin is smooth or rough, moist, pigmented and glandular.
- Eyes have eyelids.
- Respiration is by gills, lungs and through the skin.
- Heart is three chambered.
- Kidneys are mesonephric and ureotelic.
- Sexes are separate and fertilization is external.

- They are oviparous and development is indirect, e.g. Bufo and Rana.

Question 84.
Write the general characters of the class Reptilia.
Answer:
- They are mostly terrestrial.
- The body is covered by dry and comified skin with scales.
- They have three chambered heart.
- They are poikilothermic.
- They are oviparous and they lay cleidoic eggs.
- They have metanephric kidney and are uricotelic.
- Fertilization is internal, e.g. Chelone and Chameleon.

Question 85.
Write the general characters of the class Aves.
Answer:
- They have feathers on the body.
- The forelimbs are modified into wings. The hind limbs are adapted for walking, running, swimming and perching.
- The skin has oil gland.
- The exoskeleton consists of feathers, scales, claws on legs.
- The bones are pneumatic.
- Respiration is by lungs with air sacs.
- The heart is four chambered with right systemic arch.
- They are homeothermic.
- Migration and parental care are seen.
- Urinary bladder is absent.
- Females have only left ovary.
- They are oviparous. The eggs are cleidoic.

Question 86.
Write the general characters of the class Mammalia.
Answer:
- The body is covered by hairs.

- They have mammary glands.
- They have two pairs of limbs adapted for walking, running, climbing, burrowing, swimming and flying.
- The skin has sweat glands, scent glands and sebaceous glands.
- Exoskeleton includes homy epidermal horns, spines, claws, nails, hooves and bony dermal plates.
- They have thecodont, heterodont and diphyodont teeth.
- External ears or pinnae are present.
- Heart is four chambered with left systemic arch.
- RBCs are non-nucleated.
- They have metanephric kidneys and they are ureotelic.
- They are homeothermic.
- Sexes are separate and fertilization is internal e.g. Platypus, kangaroo, elephants and man.