Text Book Back Questions and Answers - Chapter 14 - Transportation - 11th Commerce Guide Samacheer Kalvi Solutions

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Chapter 14 - Transportation - 11th Commerce Guide Samacheer Kalvi Solutions - Text Book Back Questions and Answers

Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers

I. Choose the Correct Answer

Question 1.
Transport removes the hindrance of ………………
(a) Time
(b) Place
(c) Person
(d) knowledge
Answer:
(b) Place

Question 2.
Air consignment note is prepared in ……………… forms.
(a) One
(b) Two
(c) Three
(d) Four
Answer:
(c) Three

Question 3.
……………… is a document acknowledging the receipt of goods by a carrier.
(a) Waybill
(b) Consignment note
(c) Charter
(d) Bill of lading
Answer:
(d) Bill of lading

Question 4.
Which is the fastest means of transport?
(a) Rail
(b) Road
(c) Sea
(d) Air
Answer:
(d) Air

II. Very Short Answer Questions

Question 1.
Define transport.
Answer:
According to KK Saxena, “the transport system acts with reference to the area it serves in the same way as a candle does in a dark room”.

Question 2.
State any two services rendered by transport.
Answer:

1. It increases the efficiency of production.
2. It stimulates wants by increasing quantity and variety of consumer goods.

Question 3.
Write any two advantages of water transport.
Answer:

1. It is considered as the cheapest mode of transport among the other modes of transport.
2. It is most suitable for heavy loads.

III. Short Answer Questions

Question 1.
What is bill of lading?
Bill of Lading is a document containing the terms and conditions of the contract of carriage. It is issued by the shipping company and signed by the captain of the ship. It acknowledges the receipt of the goods described in it on board the ship. It also serves as n official receipt of goods. It is a document of title of goods.

Question 2.
What is charter party?
Answer:
When goods are to be consigned in large quantity, it is advantageous to hire the whole or substantial part of the ship. The document through which this contract is made is known as ‘Charter Party’ may also be known as ‘Voyage Charter’ or ‘Time Charter’. The person who hires the ship is known as ‘Charter’. The charter becomes responsible to the third parties for the acts of the master and crew of the ship.

IV. Long Answer Questions

Question 1.
Explain different types of transport.
Answer:
Types of transport:
(a) Land Transport
(b) Water transport
(c) Air Transport

(a) Land Transport:
Transport of people and goods by land vehicles is known as Land transport. It is also called ‘Surface Transport’.

1. Pack Animals: Animals like horse, mule, donkey, camel, elephant etc., are used for carrying small loads in backward areas, hilly traces, forest regions and deserts known as pack animals.
2. Bullock Carts: It constitutes the predominant form of rural road transport in India for goods traffic and to some extent for passengers’ traffic.
3. Road Transport: Road Transport is one of the most promising and potent means suitable for short and medium distances.
4. Motor lorries and Buses: From the dawn of civilization, people have been endeavoring to form roads and use wheeled vehicles to facilitate the transport of men and materials.
5. Tramways: It made their appearance in the 19th century as a form of transport suitable for big cities. Tramways were initially horse-drawn later steam – power and now electrically operated.
6. Railway Transport: The invention of the steam engine by James Watt, revolutionized the mode of transport all over the world.
7. Recent Trends in Transport: Metro Rail, Monorail, Bullet train, Pipeline Transport, Conveyor Transport, Ropeway transport, and Hyperloop transport.

(b) Water Transport:
“Water is a free gift of nature. Human civilization through the gradual application of science and technology has utilized water resources for economic, political, and military activities.

1. Inland Waterways: Inland Waterways comprise rivers, canals, and lakes. It is also known as internal water transport.
2. Ocean or Sea Transport: Ocean transport has been playing a significant role in the development of economic, social, and cultural relations among countries of the world.

(a) Coastal shipping
(b) Overseas shipping
(i) Liner (ii) Tramps

(c) Air Transport:
Air transport is the fastest and the costliest mode of transport. Commercial air transport is now one of the most prominent modes of overseas transport. Domestic and International flights are air travel.

Question 2.
Discuss the advantages of transport.
Answer:
(a) Advantages of railway transport:

1. Railways are well suited for carrying heavy and bulky goods over long distances.
2. It can provide long-distance travel throughout the day and night with unbroken services.

(b) Advantages of inland waterways:

1. It is considered as the cheapest mode of transport among the other modes of transport.
2. It is most suitable for heavy loads.

(c) Advantages of air transport:

1. It provides a regular, convenient, efficient and quick service.
2. Perishable goods like fruits, vegetables, egg, meat, etc., can be transported quickly.

Additional Questions and Answers

I. Choose the Correct Answer:

Question 1.
The liability of the common carrier is governed by …………………..
a) Carriers Act
b) Goods Act
c) Goods and Services Act
d) None of the above
Answer:
a) Carriers Act

Question 2.
Which one is not relevant?
Answer:
(a) Charter party
(b) Voyage charter
(c) Time charter
(d) Rail
Answer:
(d) Rail

Question 3.
The person who hires the ship for the transfer of goods is known as …………………
a) Charter
b) Consignor
c) Drawee
d) Transferor
Answer:
a) Charter

II. Very Short Answer Questions

Question 1.
Define Transport:
Answer:
According to K.K. Saxena, ’’the transport system acts with reference to the area it serves in the same way as a candle does in a dark room”.

III. Short Answer Questions

Question 1.
Write a note on Tramways.
Answer:
It made its appearance in the 19th century as a form of transport suitable for big cities. Tramways were initially horse-drawn later steam-powered and now electrically operated. Its carrying capacity is large. They are able to cope up with the peak hour traffic in big cities with the greater popularity of motor buses, tramways slowly declined. Madras city had tramways till 1933.

For Future Learning

Question a.
Geographical separation between producer and consumer – Comment.
Answer:
Trade and transport connect the producer and customer.

Question b.
Importing Crude oil from foreign countries to Petroleum refineries – transporting through Truck tankers or Pipelines – Suggest with reason.
Answer:
Pipelines are suggested because of lesser cost