Page No 289: - Chapter 10 - Haloalkanes & Halo Arenes - Intext Solutions - Ncert Solutions class 12 - Chemistry

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Question 10.2:

Why is sulphuric acid not used during the reaction of alcohols with KI?

Answer:

In the presence of sulphuric acid (H₂SO₄), KI produces HI

Since

 is an oxidizing agent, it oxidizes HI (produced in the reaction to I₂₎.

As a result, the reaction between alcohol and HI to produce alkyl iodide cannot occur. Therefore, sulphuric acid is not used during the reaction of alcohols with KI. Instead, a non-oxidizing acid such as H₃PO₄ is used.

Question 10.3:

Write structures of different dihalogen derivatives of propane.

Answer:

There are four different dihalogen derivatives of propane. The structures of these derivatives are shown below.

(i)

1, 1-Dibromopropane

(ii)

2, 2-Dibromopropane

(iii)

1, 2-Dibromopropane

(iv)

1, 3-Dibromopropane

Question 10.4:

Among the isomeric alkanes of molecular formula C₅H₁₂, identify the one that on photochemical chlorination yields

(i) A single monochloride.

(ii) Three isomeric monochlorides.

(iii) Four isomeric monochlorides.

Answer:

(i) To have a single monochloride, there should be only one type of H-atom in the isomer of the alkane of the molecular formula C₅H₁₂. This is because, replacement of any H-atom leads to the formation of the same product. The isomer is neopentane.

Neopentane

(ii) To have three isomeric monochlorides, the isomer of the alkane of the molecular formula C₅H₁₂ should contain three different types of H-atoms.

Therefore, the isomer is n-pentane. It can be observed that there are three types of H atoms labelled as a, b and c in n-pentane.

(iii) To have four isomeric monochlorides, the isomer of the alkane of the molecular formula C₅H₁₂ should contain four different types of H-atoms. Therefore, the isomer is 2-methylbutane. It can be observed that there are four types of H-atoms labelled as a, b, c, and d in 2-methylbutane.

Question 10.5:

Draw the structures of major monohalo products in each of the following reactions:

(i)

(ii)

(iii)

(iv)

(v)

(vi)

Answer:

(i)

(ii)

(iii)

(iv)

(v)

(vi)