INTRODUCTION - Chapter 15 - Polymers - Intext Solutions - Ncert Solutions class 12 - Chemistry

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Question 15.1:

What are polymers?

Answer:

Polymers are high molecular mass macromolecules, which consist of repeating structural units derived from monomers. Polymers have a high molecular mass (10³ − 10⁷ u). In a polymer, various monomer units are joined by strong covalent bonds. These polymers can be natural as well as synthetic. Polythene, rubber, and nylon 6, 6 are examples of polymers.

Question 15.2:

How are polymers classified on the basis of structure?

Answer:

Polymers are classified on the basis of structure as follows:

1. Linear polymers:

These polymers are formed of long straight chains. They can be depicted as:

For e.g., high density polythene (HDP), polyvinyl chloride, etc.

2. Branched chain polymers:

These polymers are basically linear chain polymers with some branches. These polymers are represented as:

For e.g., low density polythene (LDP), amylopectin, etc.

3. Cross-linked or Network polymers:

These polymers have many cross-linking bonds that give rise to a network-like structure. These polymers contain bi-functional and tri-functional monomers and strong covalent bonds between various linear polymer chains. Examples of such polymers include bakelite and melmac.

Question 15.4:

Classify the following as addition and condensation polymers: Terylene, Bakelite, Polyvinyl chloride, Polythene.

Answer:

Addition polymers:

Polyvinyl chloride, polythene

Condensation polymers:

Terylene, bakelite