INTRODUCTION - Chapter 5 - Acids Bases & Salts - Ncert Solutions class 7
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Question 1:
State the differences between acids and bases.
Answer:
– |
Acids |
Bases |
(i) |
These are sour to taste. |
These are bitter to taste. |
(ii) |
Acids turn blue litmus red. |
Bases do not change the colour of blue litmus. |
(iii) |
Acids do not change the colour of red litmus. |
Bases turn red litmus blue. |
(iv) |
With china rose indicator, these give dark pink colour. |
Bases give green colour with china rose indicator. |
(v) |
Acids do not change the colour of turmeric indicator. |
Bases turn the colour of turmeric indicator to red. |
Question 2:
Ammonia is found in many household products, such as window cleaners. It turns red litmus blue. What is its nature?
Answer:
Ammonia is basic in nature as it turns the colour of red litmus paper to blue.
Question 3:
Name the source from which litmus solution is obtained. What is the use of this solution?
Answer:
Litmus solution is obtained from lichens. A natural dye extracted from lichens is dissolved in distilled water to obtain litmus solution.
It is used as an indicator to distinguish between acids and bases.
Solution |
Colour of litmus solution |
Acidic |
Red |
Basic |
Blue |
Neutral |
No change |
Question 4:
Is the distilled water acidic/basic/neutral? How would you verify it?
Answer:
Distilled water is neutral in nature. The same can be verified by using red and blue litmus papers. Neither will show a colour change with distilled water. This proves that distilled water is neutral.
Question 5:
Describe the process of neutralization with the help of an example.
Answer:
The reaction between an acid and a base is known as neutralization reaction. In this reaction, both acid and base cancel each other’s effect. Neutralisation reaction results in the formation of salt and water. During this reaction, energy in the form of heat is evolved.
Acid + Base → Salt + Water + Heat
For example, when sodium hydroxide (NaOH) is added to hydrochloric acid (HCl), sodium chloride (NaCl) and water (H2O) are obtained.
Question 6:
Mark ‘T’ if the statement is true and ‘F’ if it is false:
(i) Nitric acid turns red litmus blue. (T/F)
(ii) Sodium hydroxide turns blue litmus red. (T/F)
(iii) Sodium hydroxide and hydrochloric acid neutralise each other and form salt and water. (T/F)
(iv) Indicator is a substance which shows different colours in acidic and basic solutions. (T/F)
(v) Tooth decay is caused by the presence of a base. (T/F)
Answer:
(i) Nitric acid turns red litmus blue. (F)
(ii) Sodium hydroxide turns blue litmus red. (F)
(iii) Sodium hydroxide and hydrochloric acid neutralise each other and form salt and water. (T)
(iv) Indicator is a substance which shows different colours in acidic and basic solutions. (T)
(v) Tooth decay is caused by the presence of a base. (F)
Question 7:
Dorji has a few bottles of soft drink in his restaurant. But, unfortunately, these are not labelled. He has to serve the drinks on the demand of customers. One customer wants acidic drink, another wants basic and third one wants neutral drink. How will Dorji decide which drink is to be served to whom?
Answer:
Since the drinks are edible, Dorji can take the decision by tasting the drinks. Acidic drinks will be sour to taste whereas basic drinks will be bitter to taste and neutral drinks will have no taste.
If Dorji has litmus indicator (solution or paper), then he can take its help. He should put one drop of each drink on blue litmus paper. If the colour of the litmus paper changes to red, then it is an acidic drink. Out of the remaining drinks, some are basic and some are neutral. Again, he should put one drop of the remaining drinks on red litmus paper. If the colour changes to blue, then it is basic and the others are neutral. In this way, he can serve all the three customers their respective drinks.
Question 8:
Explain why:
(a) An antacid tablet is taken when you suffer from acidity.
(b) Calamine solution is applied on the skin when an ant bites.
(c) Factory waste is neutralised before disposing it into the water bodies.
Answer:
(a) This is because during acidity, an excess of acids is produced in the stomach. An antacid contains base, such as milk of magnesia. These bases react with excess of acids and neutralize their effect, thus giving us relief.
(b) When an ant bites, it injects formic acid into the skin. Calamine solution contains zinc carbonate which is basic in nature. Therefore, it is applied on the skin to neutralize the effect of formic acid.
(c) Factory wastes contain acids. Therefore, these wastes, when thrown directly to water bodies, harm aquatic lives. Hence, these wastes are neutralised with basic chemicals before disposing to water bodies.