(a) What is dispersion of white light? State its cause.
(b) "Rainbow is an example of dispersion of sunlight." Justify this statement by explaining, with the help of a labelled diagram, the formation of a rainbow in the sky. List two essential conditions for observing a rainbow.
Updated On 18th June 2025
Expert Explanation :
(a) Splitting of white light into its seven constituent colours due to refraction is known as dispersion of white light.
Cause of dispersion : When a beam of white light enters a prism, it gets refracted and splits into seven constituent colours. The splitting of the light ray occurs due to the different bending angle for each colour. Thus, each colour ray when passing through the prism bends at different angles with respect to the incident beam, thus giving rise to a spectrum.
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(b) After a rain-shower, the sunlight gets dispersed by tiny droplets, present in the atmosphere. The water droplets acts like small glass prisms. They refract and disperse the incident sunlight, then reflect it internally, and finally refract it again when it comes out of the raindrop. Due to dispersion of light and internal reflection, different colours reaches the observer's eye, which is called a rainbow.
Two essential conditions for observing rainbow are
(i) Sun should be at the back of the observer.
(ii) Rainbow should be seen after rainfall or through a waterfall or water fountain.
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